Abstract Surface and near-surface morphology evolution of helium-irradiated tungsten due to thermal cycling up the ITER-relevant temperature 1350 K was studied using electron microscopy positron annihilation spectroscopy techniques. Holes at surface bubbles in recrystallized polycrystalline samples were created by 75 eV helium plasma irradiation with fluence 3 × 10 23 He m ?2 1073 K. Subsequent...

The study of hominin brain evolution relies mostly on evaluation of the endocranial morphology of fossil skulls. However, only some general features of external brain morphology are evident from endocasts, and many anatomical details can be difficult or impossible to examine. In this study, we use geometric morphometric techniques to evaluate inter- and intraspecific differences in cerebral mor...

Vertebrate sensory systems have evolved remarkable diversity, but little is known about the underlying genetic mechanisms. The lateral line sensory system of aquatic vertebrates is a promising model for genetic investigations of sensory evolution because there is extensive variation within and between species, and this variation is easily quantified. In the present study, we compare the lateral...

Fluorescence intensity and its ratio mapping combined with time-dependent optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to understand morphology evolution of local aggregates and neighboring regions for organic solar cells. Three solvents with different boiling points including chlorobenzene (CB), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) were used to engi...

Adolf Seilacher’s major contribution to our understanding of the evolution of morphology has been to emphasize that function is an important, but far from complete, explanation of organic form. Recognizing the influence of phylogeny and architecture in addition to adaptation, Seilacher formalized this realization in 1970 as “Konstruktions–Morphologie” (constructional morphology). This “triangul...

Modern morphology-based systematics, including questions of incongruence with molecular data, emphasizes analysis over similarity criteria to assess homology. Yet detailed examination of a few key characters, using new tools and processes such as computerized, three-dimensional ultrastructural reconstruction of cell complexes, can resolve apparent incongruence by re-examining primary homologies...

Morphological evolution is conventionally studied by direct comparison of morphological characteristics in different organisms. Recently it has also become possible to study the evolution of developmental processes and gene functions, and to speculate about links between the evolution of genes and the evolution of morphology. One of the cases that has attracted particular interest is the relati...