Background:   Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is defined as pain surrounding the patella when sitting with bent knees for prolonged periods of time or when performing activities like ascending or descending stairs, squatting or   athletic activities. Patella dislocation is not included in PFPS.     Purpose:   This review analyzes the evidence based conservative management of PFPS.   Methods...

background calcium infusion is used as a pre-treatment before calcium channel blockers to prevent hypotension. occasional cardioversion with calcium gluconate infusion is seen in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. several mechanisms have been suggested for mechanism. herein we report a case presenting with atrial fibrillation but cardioverted with calcium gluconate infusion,...

A pattern in which nucleotide transitions are favored several fold over transversions is common in molecular evolution. When this pattern occurs among amino acid replacements, explanations often invoke an effect of selection, on the grounds that transitions are more conservative in their effects on proteins. However, the underlying hypothesis of conservative transitions has never been tested di...

objectives: patients suffering from mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis may be treated with unloader knee orthoses or laterally wedged insoles. the aim of this study was to identify and compare the effects of two orthoses in these patients. methods: 56 patients with medial compartment knee oa were evaluated when wearing an unloader knee orthosis and insoles with a 6° lateral wedge which were r...

Consider a scalar, nonlinear conservative difference scheme satisfying the entropy condition. It is shown that difference schemes containing more numerical viscosity will necessarily converge to the unique, physically relevant weak solution of the approximated conservative equation. In particular, entropy satisfying convergence follows for E schemes—those containing more numerical viscosity tha...

The human braingraph, or connectome is a description of the connections of the brain: the nodes of the graph correspond to small areas of the gray matter, and two nodes are connected by an edge if a diffusion MRI-based workflow finds fibers between those brain areas. We have constructed 1015-vertex graphs from the diffusion MRI brain images of 392 human subjects and compared the individual grap...