for the talk for “Formalising Robot Ethics”, ISAIM 2018 More and more autonomous and semi-autonomous machines such as intelligent software agents, specific robots, specific drones and self-driving cars make decisions that have moral implications. Machine ethics as a discipline examines the possibilities and limits of moral and immoral machines. It does not only reflect ideas but develops artifa...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore artificial moral agency by reflecting upon the possibility of a Moral Turing Test (MTT) and whether its lack of focus on interiority, i.e. its behaviouristic foundation, counts as an obstacle to establishing such a test to judge the performance of an Artificial Moral Agent (AMA). Subsequently, to investigate whether an MTT could serve as a usefu...

the main purpose of this research is assessing the reason for the gap between moral knowledge and action of students despite current programs of moral education in schools, and suggesting components of good moral education to reduce this gap from allameh tabatabai’s viewpoints. to achieve this goal, descriptive-analytic method is used. the findings showed that the main operating in violation of...

We propose that moral condemnation functions to guide bystanders to choose the same side as other bystanders in disputes. Humans interact in dense social networks, and this poses a problem for bystanders when conflicts arise: which side, if any, to support. Choosing sides is a difficult strategic problem because the outcome of a conflict critically depends on which side other bystanders support...

Thomas Drennan was one of a number of dissenting ministers, educated in Glasgow, who formed a distinct group and through which political ideas were developed and articulated. Drennan was related by marriage to Francis Hutcheson and went in 1720 to assist him in a Dissenting school in Dublin. It was Hutcheson, who returned to Glasgow as Professor of Moral Philosophy, who was to provide the basis...

In this paper I offer a defense of the view that judges should decide cases in accordance with act utilitarianism: i.e., in whatever way maximizes overall well-being. To advance this thesis, I first briefly give reasons for dissatisfaction with the commonsense thought that judges should just decide cases as the law requires. I then briefly argue for the claim that all moral agents, including ju...

The bulk of the literature on the New Public Management (NPM) has been blind to the moral dimension of the market-oriented reforms of the public sector. However, this thesis studies the potential for institutional arrangements such as financial incentives and other market mechanisms to undermine intrinsic, moral motivation among both “producers” and “consumers” of tax-financed welfare services....

There has been an upsurge of interest in moral decision making, which appears to have some distinctive properties. For example, some moral decisions are so strongly influenced by ideas about how sacred entities are to be treated, that they seem to be relatively insensitive to the costs and benefits entailed (e.g., “do not allow companies to pollute the earth for a fee, even if pollution credits...

The day is already here when androids perform tasks and act in ways which seem to be human. However, as of now, no one is prepared to view these man-made creations as anything other than property to be used for our benefit or entertainment. As the systems become more sophisticated, and as engineers try harder to build “conscious” machines, I suggest that a number of moral, ethical, and legal is...