CONTEXT Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a major cause of laryngeal inflammation and presents with a constellation of symptoms different from classic gastroesophageal reflux disease. OBJECTIVE To provide a practical approach to evaluating and managing cases of LPR. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The PubMed database and the Ovid Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched for laryngop...

Introduction: Proximal displacement of stomach and gastro-esophageal junction into the thoracic cavity results in a condition known as hiatal hernia (HH). Sometimes this entity is neglected in practice and the patient is handled as gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma or other non-surgical diagnosis.Case: Here we present a 6 months-old female infant who present with bloody emesis since two m...

G ASTROESOPHAGEAL reflux disease (GORD) is the most common oesophageal disease. Besides the typical presentation of heartburn and acid regurgitation, GORD can cause atypical symptoms. An estimated 20–60% of patients with GORD have head and neck symptoms without heartburn 1 and at least 10% of patients who attend a general ear, nose and throat clinic will have symptoms or signs related to reflux...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops when the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus causes troublesome symptoms, esophageal injury, and/or complications. Use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) remains the standard therapy for GERD and is effective in most patients. Those whose symptoms are refractory to PPIs should be evaluated further and other treatment opt...

1 Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Room 3226, Maywood, IL 60153, USA 2Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 3 Swallowing Center, Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Room 3226, M...