This paper analyzes the employment relationship on the basis of the notion of access. We argue that the degree of access provided by a job is an incentive to activate the employee’s self-actualization needs. We investigate the effect of access on the workers’ performance through an agency model and provide a number of propositions with practical implications for personnel policies. Our results ...

The successful operation of emerging public wireless LANs requires flexible network mechanisms that can support differentiated or tiered services for a variety of applications such as bursty transactional web applications as well as reservation demanding voice and video applications. Congestion pricing has been proposed as one promising solution to traffic control because it accurately models t...

We examine the dissent voting record of the Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). Contrary to findings in the FOMC literature (for example Havrilesky and Schweitzer, 1990; Chappell, Havrilesky, and McGregor, 1993), the effects of members’ career backgrounds and the political channel of appointment on voting behavior are negligible, reflecting the distinct institutional constraints an...

The benefits of open and cooperative systems, popular because of the functionality they offer for sharing resources free of charge, are only achievable if there is an incentive to cooperate, and if participants are able to make effective decisions about the cooperations in which they participate. In this context, the key contribution of this paper is a framework for non-monetary cooperations am...

BACKGROUND A vast body of social and cognitive psychology studies in humans reports evidence that external rewards, typically monetary ones, undermine intrinsic motivation. These findings challenge the standard selfish-rationality assumption at the core of economic reasoning. In the present work we aimed at investigating whether the different modulation of a given monetary reward automatically ...

Germany is one of few countries in which the monetary compensation for inventors is not only determined by negotiations between employer and employee inventor, but also by relatively precise legal provisions.. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of the German Employees’ Invention Act (GEIA) and discuss which incentives or disincentives it creates. We rely on qualitative evidence from ...

The gains from international monetary policy cooperation are sizeable when the crossborder spillovers of shocks are significant and policymakers face a strong incentive to use monetary policy to insulate their country from these spillovers. We show that financial market arrangements play an integral role in determining these incentives. In a quantitative two-countries, two-goods model with stic...

Germany is one of few countries in which the monetary compensation for inventors is not only determined by negotiations between employer and employee-inventor, but also by relatively precise legal provisions. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of the German Employees’ Inventions Act (GEIA) and discuss which incentives it creates. We rely on responses from a recent survey of 3,350 Ge...

To motivate their consumers or employees, corporations often offer monetary incentives, such as cash-back deals or salary bonuses. However, human behavior is not solely driven by material outcome; fairness and equity matter as well. In a recent neuroimaging study, fair offers led to higher happiness ratings and increased activity in several reward regions of the brain compared with unfair offer...

How much do different monetary and non-monetary motivators induce costly effort? Does the effectiveness line up with the expectations of researchers? We present the results of a large-scale real-effort experiment with 18 treatment arms. We compare the effect of three motivators: (i) standard incentives; (ii) behavioral factors like present bias, reference dependence, and social preferences; and...