On the other hand, an increase in environmental humidity also induced abnormalities in permeability homeostasis [9] . In this issue of Exogenous Dermatology, environmental factors on dry skin are discussed by fi ve distinguished experts (or their groups) in this fi eld: Wertz (this issue) gives an integrated overview of the epidermal barrier function and their regional variations. His contribut...

Filaggrin is a structural protein that aggregate keratin filament and form cornified envelope which strengthen corneocytes. Also, filaggrin are degraded into natural moisturizing factor (NMF) which helps keeping stratum corneum hydrated and maintain acidic skin pH. The component of NMF is including sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), urocanic acid, alanine, lactate and urea [2,3]. Mutatio...

The pH of the skin is slightly acidic (4.6 to 5.8) which is important for appropriate antibacterial, antifungal, constitution of barrier function, as well as structuring and maturation of the stratum corneum. This study aimed to evaluate the pH of the main commercial moisturizers and liquid soaps in Brazil. Thus, pH of the products was quantified by pH meter in three measurements. A total of 38...

A 29-year-old female, an aesthetician, developed occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by extracts of crude drugs. The results of 48-hour closed patch testing showed positive reactions to the moisturizing cream and oil that she used in her work. This cream and oil included Scutellraria Baicalensis, mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), and Artemisia capillaris,Gardenia. The results of patch t...

The majority of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients respond satisfactorily to gentle bathing, frequent moisturizing, and topical medications. Second-line therapies for AD should be used in recalcitrant cases or in patients with uncontrolled disease despite compliance with first-line measures and avoidance of allergens. Recommended advanced therapies include phototherapy, especially narrowband ultra...

Fenugreek seeds possess antioxidant effects and contain a mucilage which has emollient properties. It can also produce skin healing, whitening, moisturizing, skin soothening and antiwrinkle effects. The purpose of study was to formulate a stable W/O emulsion containing fenugreek seeds extract using liquid paraffin oil. Fenugreek seeds extract, which was obtained by concentrating methanolic extr...