Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus related to yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. In 2007 ZIKV caused an outbreak of relatively mild disease characterized by rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis on Yap Island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. This was the first time that ZIKV was detected outside of Africa and Asia. The history, transmission dynamics, virology, a...

Introduction Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus+ (HIV+) patients who are seropositive for the parasite and have not received effective chemoprophylaxis. A 48-year-old HIV+ woman presented to our emergency room with seizure and decreased level of consciousness. She had developed fever, produ...

national development squad for the 1988 Commonwealth Games triathlon team, from which I withdrew prematurely with what my coach insisted on calling a ‘spectacularly ill-timed pregnancy’. Perhaps that’s why I ‘backed the bid’ for London 2012 and signed up as a volunteer long before I began to ask critical questions about what the Olympic brand actually means. Even in anOlympic year, almost all s...

This note describes the inside-outside algorithm. The inside-outside algorithm has very important applications to statistical models based on context-free grammars. In particular, it is used in EM estimation of probabilistic context-free grammars, and it is used in estimation of discriminative models for context-free parsing. As we will see, the inside-outside algorithm has many similarities to...

A large amount of the role of the land surveyor, land registries and land information systems is concerned with building and maintaining a land administration infrastructure where one of its primary tasks is to support the operation of an efficient and effective land market. This includes cadastral surveys to identify and subdivide land, land registry systems to support simple land trading (buy...

Museums and galleries in the UK increasingly engage with educational and social concerns; this article refers to research to evaluate two such initiatives. Evaluation of the Museum and Gallery Education Programme Phase 2, funded by the Department for Education and Skills, ends in August 2004. The research partnership to evaluate the ‘En-vision’ pilot action research programme, established by En...

We are told that an object is hidden in one of m(m < ») boxes and we are given prior probabilities p. that the object is In the i box. A search of box i costs c. and finds the object with probability a. if the object is in the box. Also, we suppose that a reward R. is earned if the object Is found in the i box. A strategy is any rule for determining when to search and if so which box. The major...

The molecular ion H3 1 is considered the cornerstone of interstellar chemistry because it initiates the reactions responsible for the production of many larger molecules. Recently discovered in dense molecular clouds, H3 1 has now been observed in the diffuse interstellar medium toward Cygnus OB2 No. 12. Analysis of H3 1 chemistry suggests that the high H3 1 column density (3.8 3 10 per square ...