So far we have discussed the case of interactive zero-knowledge proofs. But what if Alice has the resource to send only a single message to Bob? This proof will now become “non-interactive”. But 1-message zero-knowledge is only possible for languages in BPP. This is because any simulator that can simulate the “single” message can use this as a witness for x. But this is pretty useless, at the v...

Robust identification and localization of moving objects depends on the quality of sensors, sensor coverage and the fusion of the information obtained from the sensors. Sensor fusion algorithms use domain and context knowledge to calculate the most plausible interpretation of all available data. Little research has been done on the trade-offs between these factors. This paper presents an empiri...

The Littlewood–Richardson process is a discrete random point process which encodes the isotypic decomposition of tensor products of irreducible rational representations of GLN (C). Biane-PerelomovPopov matrices are a family of quantum random matrices arising as the geometric quantization of random Hermitian matrices with deterministic eigenvalues and uniformly random eigenvectors. As first obse...

It present the comparison of the performance of two different compression wavelet schemes namely Spatial-orientation Trees Wavelet (STW) and Adaptively Scanned Wavelet Difference Reduction (ASWDR). The paper analyses the compression schemes using gray scale image and color scale Image such that the quality of the reconstructed image. The characteristics of quality performance is calculate STW a...

Polymicrogyria (PMG) is one of a large group of human cortical malformations that collectively account for a significant percentage of patients with epilepsy, congenital neurological deficits, and intellectual disability. PMG is characterized by an excess of small gyri and abnormal cortical lamination. The most common distribution is bilateral, symmetrical, and maximal, in the region surroundin...

The conditional result we saw last time does much more than that. If we have a language in the uniform class E not in the non-uniform class SIZE(s(n)) then a PRG exists. I.e., there is a way to systematically replace random bits with pseudorandom bits such that no BPP algorithm will (substantially) notice the difference. Thus, not only it shows that all languages in BPP are in fact in P (or wha...

In the previous lecture, we began our discussion of pseudorandomness. We presented the BlumMicali definition of a pseudorandom generator, which defines pseudorandomness in terms of how hard it is for members of a specific computation class to distinguish between true randomness and generated randomness. We proved Yao’s theorem, which provides a link between the existence of certain pseudorandom...

PURPOSE Antimicrobial prophylaxis is the periprocedural systemic administration of an antimicrobial agent intended to reduce the risk of postprocedural local and systemic infections. The AUA convened a BPP Panel to formulate recommendations on the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis during urologic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recommendations are based on a review of the literature and the Pan...

Empirical relationships between particulate organic carbon (POC) and inherent optical properties (IOPs) are required for estimating POC from ocean-color remote sensing and autonomous platforms. The main relationships studied are those between POC and particulate attenuation (cp) and backscattering (bbp) coefficients. The parameters of these relationships can however differ considerably due to d...

Poker is an ideal vehicle for testing automated reasoning under uncertainty. It introduces uncertainty through physical randomization by shuffling and through incomplete information about opponents’ hands. Another source of uncertainty is the limited knowledge of opponents, their betting strategies, tendencies to bluff, play conservatively, reveal weaknesses, etc. Furthermore, poker is well kno...