<span>As a result of numerous applications and low installation costs, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have expanded excessively. The main concern in the WSN environment is to lower energy consumption amidst nodes while preserving an acceptable level service quality. Using multi-mobile sinks reduce nodes' been considered as efficient strategy. In such networks, dynamic network topology cr...

(63)Ni was applied to nonsenescent source leaves and found to be transported to sink tissues in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and geranium plants (Pelargonium zonale L.). The comparative mobilities (percent tracer transported out of source leaf /% (86)Rb transported) for (63)Ni in peas was 2.12 and in geranium 0.25. The value for the phloem mobile (86)Rb was 1.00. By contrast, the comparative mobility...

The use of mobile nodes to collect data in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has gained special attention over the last years. Some researchers explore the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as mobile node for such data-collection purposes. Analyzing these works, it is apparent that mobile nodes used in such scenarios are typically equipped with at least two different radio interfaces. The pr...

Data collection process is one of the important aspects in the design consideration for future analysis in wireless sensor networks. Energy consumption by parent node increases due to continuous forwarding of sensed data from their respective child nodes especially in the tree based topology. Once the energy in the parent nodes was completely drained off, some of the child nodes get isolated/ p...

This work investigates into the design of sink location propagation in wireless sensor network with mobile sink. In our proposed work, few sensor nodes are assigning a role to propagate the sink location information to the remaining nodes. We refer such nodes as beacon nodes (BNs). We design a distributed algorithm to select BNs. The selection of BNs depends on their sensor node degree. To ensu...

This research concerns the definition of an analytical model and protocols for determining the routes of a mobile data collector (sink) traveling through the nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN). The routes are determined with the overall aim of maximizing the network lifetime. The contribution of our work is twofold. First, we introduce a novel mixed integer linear programming formulation ...

Energy awareness is an essential design issue in wireless sensor network. Therefore, attention must be given to the routing protocols since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. It is desired to design the energy efficient routing protocols to conserve the poser supply of sensor node and prolongs its lifetime. Recently sink mobility has been exploited in numer...