The progressive mixing and contamination of interstellar gas by supernovae and other processes following the passage of a spiral density wave is reviewed, with an emphasis on the Solar neighborhood. Regions of star formation should begin their lives with an inhomogeneous mixture of abundances as a result of their chaotic and large-scale formation processes. These inhomogeneities should continue...

The efficiency of traffic routing on complex networks can be reflected by two key measurements, i.e., the network capacity and the average travel time of data packets. In this paper we propose a mixing routing strategy by integrating local static and dynamic information for enhancing the efficiency of traffic on scale-free networks. The strategy is governed by a single parameter. Simulation res...

In a continuing effort to study the mixing enhancement by large-scale streamwise vortices generated by a lobed nozzle, a high-resolution stereoscopic particle image velocimetry ~PIV! system was used in the present study to conduct three-dimensional measurements of air jet flows exhausted from a lobed nozzle and a conventional circular nozzle. The three-dimensional instantaneous and ensemble-ave...

Neutral meson mixing provides excellent tests of the Standard Model (SM) and probes of new physics (NP): CP violation involving K –K mixing (ǫK) predicted the third generation; ∆mK predicted the charmmass; ∆mB predicted the top mass to be heavy. While 31 years passed between the discovery of theKL (1956) and the discovery of B –B mixing (1987), after 19 years, in 2006, the B s –B 0 s mixing fre...

Small-scale mixing is of uttermost importance in bioand chemical analyses using micro TAS (total analysis systems) or lab-on-chips. Many microfluidic applications involve chemical reactions where, most often, the fluid diffusivity is very low so that without the help of chaotic advection the reaction time can be extremely long. In this article, we will review various kinds of mixers developed f...

By convention, the ocean’s large-scale circulation is assumed to be a thermohaline overturning driven by the addition and extraction of buoyancy at the surface and vertical mixing in the interior. Previous work suggests that the overturning should die out as vertical mixing rates are reduced to zero. In this paper, a formal energy analysis is applied to a series of ocean general circulation mod...

Abstract. Organised cloud bands are important features of tropical and subtropical rainfall. These structures often regarded as convergence zones, alluding to an association with coherent atmospheric flow. However, the flow kinematics is not usually taken into account in classification methods for this type event, large-scale lines rarely evident instantaneous diagnostics such Eulerian converge...