Two distinct mitochondrial genome types have been described among the green algal lineages investigated to date: a reduced-derived, Chlamydomonas-like type and an ancestral, Prototheca-like type. To determine if this unexpected dichotomy is real or is due to insufficient or biased sampling and to define trends in the evolution of the green algal mitochondrial genome, we sequenced and analyzed t...

Abstract Background Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a trait associated with non-functional pollen or anthers, caused by the interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Findings A Tadukan-type CMS line (TAA) restorer (TAR) were obtained successive backcrossing Oryza sativa cultivars Tadukan (a cytoplasmic donor) Taichung 65 recurrent parent). Using Illumina HiSeq, we determined whol...

Introduction: The Mitochondrion and Its Genome ............................................................ 1 The Human Mitochondrial Genome ................................................................................... 3 The D-loop and Human Population Genetics ..................................................................... 4 Mitochondrial DNA and Recent Human History .................

Abstract Mitochondria contain an organellar genome that encodes for subunits of the respiratory chain. Its coordinated expression is essential eukaryotic life and defects in this process lead to severe disease. However, molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial gene remain poorly understood. Recent structural functional studies have provided first mechanistic insights into highlight evoluti...

The complete mitochondrial genome of Purpureocillium lavendulum was characterized in this study. This mitogenome is a closed circular molecule 23,567 bp length with GC content 28.46%, including 15 protein-coding genes, 25 transfer RNA 2 ribosomal genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences at the 14 concatenated genes showed that P. closely related to Hirsutella minnesotensis.

For >20 years, the enigmatic behavior of plant mitochondrial genomes has been well described but not well understood. Chimeric genes appear, and occasionally are differentially replicated or expressed, with significant effects on plant phenotype, most notably on male fertility, yet the mechanisms of DNA replication, chimera formation, and recombination have remained elusive. Using mutations in ...

We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of infection of a Drosophila simulans population by a maternally inherited insect bacterial parasite, Wolbachia, by analyzing nucleotide variability in three regions of the mitochondrial genome in four infected and 35 uninfected lines. Mitochondrial variability is significantly reduced compared to a noncoding region of a nuclear-encoded gene in both uni...

The sequence of the human mitochondrial genome was established almost 25 years ago and has been used in analysis of human population migrations, forensic medicine, longevity studies and in investigation of the causes of mitochondrial diseases.It is a small compact genome of 16.5 kb containing information about 13 protens, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs.There are many variants (haplogroups) of the human m...

Because of their high-energy metabolism, neurons are strictly dependent on mitochondria, which generate cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial genome encodes for critical components of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway machinery, and therefore, mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cause energy production defects that frequently have severe neurological manifesta...