the short and long term effects of chromium toxicity on brain catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase levels were investigated. rats were injected daily with varying amounts of chromium. the short term (2 h) administration of chromium (8 mmol/kg) reduced catecholamines level of cerebellum, mid-brain and brain-cortex by 22.8, 19.4 and 21.2% respectively. acetylcholinesterase activity was also re...

the brain – computer interface (bci) provides a communicational channel between human and machine. most of these systems are based on brain activities. brain computer-interfacing is a methodology that provides a way for communication with the outside environment using the brain thoughts. the success of this methodology depends on the selection of methods to process the brain signals in each pha...

organ donation is an integral part of the health care system. many patients who have had an accident or have undergone a progressive disease are in need of an organ transplant and if they do not receive the required organ they would die. it is important to know that the most important source of organ donation is the brain death patients. it is highly essential to determine the pivotal factors t...

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a common pathological process that occurred after brain injury is gliosis. gliosis involves the activation of glial cells to proliferate and become hypertrophic to occupy the injured brain areas. in order to form a defense system against the invasion of micro-organisms and cytotoxins into surrounding tissue, glial cells including astrocytes and microglia undergo reactive response to injury. neu...

information about the health risks that might be associated with lipstick consumption effects is scarce in the literature. the present work investigated the bioaccumulation of lead (pb) in brain of rats originated from lipstick sample. first, lead contents were determined in 12 different brands of lipsticks. lead was detected in all the studied samples. the average lead content in 14 lipsticks ...

ischemic brain injury involves a complex sequence of excitetoxic and oxidative events. metformin is proposed as one of the potential candidates for returning the body to its basic homeostasis in ischemic situations. metformin can either protect or damage cells by activating amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) and its downstream factors so, it has a dual role in the cerebral ischemia context, bu...

background : the word death has been brought in several verses of quran. the purpose of this study is to discuss and compare similarities and differences between quran’s and forensics’ perspective in terms of death. methods: the present study is carried out by library studies on multiple interpretations of quran, interpretation of juridical references and comparing them with current forensics k...

in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases, alterations of the blood brain barrier (bbb) represent key events. the integrity of the bbb is partially maintained by endothelia cells (ecs), since they actively limit the transmigration of immune cells. however, the factors that cause endothelial cells to develop an immune cell-permissive phenotype are poorly understood. in general, it has bee...