Community­based efforts offer broad potential for achieving population­level reductions in alcohol misuse among youth and young adults. A common feature of successful community strategies is reliance on local coalitions to select and fully implement preventive interventions that have been shown to be effective in changing factors that influence risk of youth engaging in alcohol use, including b...

OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence of car safety seat (CSS) misuse for newborns on hospital discharge; and to identify potential risk and protective factors for CSS misuse. STUDY DESIGN We randomly sampled 291 mother-baby dyads from the newborn unit of an academic health center. Participants completed a survey and designated someone (themselves or another caregiver) to position their newborn in...

BACKGROUND Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter codeine-containing products is a global public health issue. OBJECTIVES To investigate the extent of treatment demand related to the misuse of codeine or codeine dependence in South Africa (SA) and the profile of patients seeking treatment, so as to understand the nature and extent of the problem. METHOD Data were collected from centres...

Introduction There is a growing concern about the misuse of over counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because impact on physical mental health, drug interactions, overdoses drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin diazepam antidepressants. This protocol outlines how systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), whi...

Alcohol, tobacco and drug misuse are growing public health concerns. In 2007, an estimated 19.9 million (8.1%) of those 12-years-old or older living in the United States were users of illicit drugs, 126.8 million (51.1%) were drinkers of alcohol, and 70.9 million (28.6%) were users of tobacco products.1 In Rhode Island in 2007, 12.5% of those 12-years-old or older used illicit drugs, 63% had co...

This study finds that the break-even point for child safety seat misuse reduction programs and vehicle and seat design improvements is dollars 121 a year per child seat in use, annual misuse reduction program cost is dollars 6, and Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH) cost dollars 13 annually per seat in use (in 2004 dollars). To estimate societal injury cost savings we compared tow-a...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Legitimate opioid use is associated with an increased risk of long-term opioid use and possibly misuse in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of future opioid misuse among adolescents who have not yet graduated from high school. METHODS Prospective, panel data come from the Monitoring the Future study. The analysis uses a nationally representa...

INTRODUCTION Uganda is among the top ten consumers of alcohol worldwide though there is little data on alcohol related liver disease. We describe alcohol use, alcohol misuse, and alcoholic liver disease among adults at the emergency admission service of a large urban hospital in Uganda. METHODS All adults who consented were prospectively evaluated for alcohol use by inquiry and alcohol misuse...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, as well as occurrence of personality disorder criteria, family characteristics, and criminal activity as related to misuse pattern in a sample of female in-patients with severe alcohol dependence. In accordance with theoretical assumptions and empirical findings of underlying ne...