Quantitative estimates of the childhood and adolescent erythemal ultraviolet (UV) exposure received in South East Queensland schools are provided in this paper for age groups 0 to 6, 7 to 12 and 13 to 19 years. For the neck, hand and lower arm, sites of high UV exposure that are generally not covered by clothing, 13 to 19 year olds received the highest exposure of the three age groups, followed...

Long-term outdoor experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation on secondary metabolites (phenolics and terpenoids) and the main soluble sugars (sucrose, raffinose and glucose) in the bark of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) saplings. Saplings were exposed to a constant 50% increase in erythemal UV irradiance (UV-B(CIE); based on ...

The protective nature of specific shade environments was investigated by measuring the spectral UV in the shade for the three planes (horizontal, 45 degrees and vertical) and comparing this to that on a horizontal plane in full sun. Spectral UV irradiance measurements were made under clear sky conditions at a sub-tropical southern hemisphere site. The solar UV in the shade of a shade umbrella, ...