We answer a question which, so far, was left an open problem: does— in terms of derivable string languages—the type of a minimalist grammar (MG) as originally introduced in Stabler 1997 defines a proper superclass of the revised type of an MG and, therefore, the type of a strict MG both introduced in Stabler 1999, and known to be weakly equivalent? For both the revised as well as the strict MG-...

This paper proposes to answer some questions concerning economy in computation and language by giving a very compact set of deductive rules (based on the so-called Lambek calculus, enriched with an exchange modality) which embodies all the properties of Minimalist Grammars (Stabler, 15]). move is replaced by a logical operation, very similar in its eeects to Form Chain, technically known as the...

Current models of temporality in language are either inaccurate or too complex to be cognitively plausible. We present a cognitive model of the computation of aspect in French. Our approach emphasizes the importance of minimalism for cognitive plausibility: structures and computation are kept simple and combinatorial explosion is avoided. Though the model and its current implementation remain p...

Central bank spending on the operation of inter-bank funds transfer systems may range from below one million to nearly a billion US dollars annually. This paper examines how such costs are incurred and recovered to pursue payment systems efficiency in different countries and under alternative policy approaches. The key findings suggest the following. First, strong scale economy effects were fou...

Syntactic choices and complexity reduction make translation communicative for the readers. This paper underscores syntactic as well in Urdu of Punjab laws English. The study focuses on legal communication a minimalistic perspective. It draws upon theory minimalism proposed by Chomsky (1993), along with three-stage model Nida Taber (1969). Data is analyzed employing Burton’s (2021) clausal analy...

The change within the linguistic framework of transformational grammar from GB–theory to minimalism brought up a particular type of formal grammar, as well. We show that this type of a minimalist grammar (MG) constitutes a subclass of mildly context–sensitive grammars in the sense that for each MG there is a weakly equivalent linear context–free rewriting system (LCFRS). Moreover, an infinite h...

Not only did Turing help found one of the most exciting areas of modern science (computer science), but it may be that his contribution to our understanding of our physical reality is greater than we had hitherto supposed. Here I explore the path that Alan Turing would have certainly liked to follow, that of complexity science, which was launched in the wake of his seminal work on computability...

1 Introduction Long wh-movement is a phenomenon by which an element appears to move directly from an A-or A-position to a higher A-destination, ignoring weak island constraints and bypassing the intermediate landing sites that are characteristic of successive-cyclic wh-movement. Cinque (1990) gives some examples of the contrast between long and successive-cyclic wh-movements, illustrating the l...