We present highly sensitive refractometers based on a long-period grating in a large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The maximum sensitivity is 1500 nm/refractive index unit at a refractive index of 1.33, to our knowledge the highest reported for any fiber grating. The minimal detectable index change is 2 x 10(-5). The high sensitivity is obtained by infiltrating the sample into the hol...

PURPOSE To examine the psychometric properties of the Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) in patients with shoulder pain. METHODS Single-group repeated measures design in which 101 patients presenting to physical therapy completed the QuickDASH and the NPRS at the baseline examination and at a follow-up visit...

The smallest detectable difference is the smallest statistically significant change in measurement results. In the field of temporomandibular disorders, the smallest detectable difference is not a commonly used concept. Most outcome studies are based on comparisons of group means, although this does not provide information about individual changes or about the clinical relevance thereof. The sm...