Despite significant advancements made in life expectancy over the past century, cystic fibrosis remains a life-threatening genetic disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract, and it has significant impact on the nutrition status of those with the disease. Nutrition management includes a high-calorie/high-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, vitamin and mineral replacement, and ...

Maternal and newborn health and nutrition status are the significant indicators of the burden of any disease. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and is essential for many diverse mechanisms and reactions such as muscle contraction, bone formation and enzyme and hormone functioning. Calcium in extracellular fluid maintains its physiologic equilibrium is in three forms namely ionic,...

Phosphate and sulfate are essential macro-elements for plant growth and development, and deficiencies in these mineral elements alter many metabolic functions. Nutritional constraints are not restricted to macro-elements. Essential metals such as zinc and iron have their homeostasis strictly genetically controlled, and deficiency or excess of these micro-elements can generate major physiologica...

Silicon is the second most abundant element in soils, the mineral substrate for most of the world's plant life. The soil water, or the "soil solution," contains silicon, mainly as silicic acid, H4SiO4, at 0.1-0.6 mM--concentrations on the order of those of potassium, calcium, and other major plant nutrients, and well in excess of those of phosphate. Silicon is readily absorbed so that terrestri...

Osteoporosis has long been considered a health problem unique to older adults. Children and adolescents with chronic illness, primary bone disease, or poor nutrition, however, are also predisposed to impaired skeletal health. The present review discusses normal skeletal development, risk factors for low bone mineral density, and prevention and treatment strategies that can help optimize bone he...

Tuan Anh TRAN, Valya VASSILEVA, Petar PETROV, Losanka Petrova POPOVA* Department of Photosynthesis, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Department of Plant Stress Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Department of Mineral Nutrition and Water Relations, Institute of Pla...

OBJECTIVES: The vitamin D nutrition status of young adult women is unclear, but a recent preliminary report suggested that they may have vitamin D insufficiency. This study assessed the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), an index of vitamin D nutrition status, in young adult Japanese women in comparison with those in older women and investigated whether serum 25(OH)D concent...

In domestic animals, acid-base balance may be influenced by nutrition. The major research effort in this area has been made on the prevention of hypocalcemic postparturient paresis in dairy cows. This disorder is caused by the sudden increase of calcium secretion into the colostrum. The manipulation of the dietary cation-anion difference makes it possible to maintain the cows in metabolic acido...

In preterm infants an optimal nutritional supply must be provided early during the neonatal period. Indeed, undernutrition leads to growth retardation which may be hazardous for brain development (18). Growth rate is maximum during the last trimester of gestation and corresponds to about 60 cm/year (19). Therefore, contrary to young children, preterm infants after an arrest of growth, whatever ...

Prevention-5 th class Lect 1 Diet and dental caries The role diet and nutrition in the etiology and pathogenesis of caries may be viewed as systemic (nutrition) and local effect (diet) In general, the term diet refers to food and drink consumption (diaita ‘way of life’) while nutrition refers to a process by which living organisms physiologically absorb and metabolize food to ensure growth, ene...