A host of abiotic factors modify fish social behavior. However, few studies have characterized the effects of temperature on behavior. In this study, brown trout Salmo trutta fry were reared at 5 different temperatures (4°C, 6°C, 8°C, 10°C, and 12°C). In order to characterize group structure, 3 behavioral parameters were investigated: group social structure (based on inter-individual distances)...

Returns from gold exploration have been disappointing over the last 20 years, despite the surge in quality and quantity of exploration data. Historically, major discoveries have occurred in waves following the introduction of new methods. This paper argues that the new methods driving the next wave of discoveries will be found in recent developments in data mining techniques, including visualiz...

C. D. Fry∗ Exploration Physics International, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama 35806 M. Dryer† National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305 W. Sun‡ and C. S. Deehr§ University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 Z. Smith¶ and T. R. Detman∗∗ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305 A. Aran†† Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Ba...

The C;~scade Rrcreation Area wi,\ created in 1YX7 to preserve wilderness and heritage recreation opportunities in I67 quxc kilomctres of the northern Cascade Mountain\. The area encompxses the headuatcrs of the Tulamecn. Snnss and Skaist rivers in the Ho~amccn Range\. 10 kilometres southeast of Hope and is hordcred by Manning Provincial Park on the southeast and Skagit Valley Recreation Arca on...

Rising demand for minerals and metals, including for use in the technology sector, has led to a resurgence of interest in exploration of mineral resources located on the seabed. Such resources, whether seafloor massive (polymetallic) sulfides around hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich crusts (CRCs) on the flanks of seamounts or fields of manganese (polymetallic) nodules on the abyssal plains, canno...

In the current exploration, sweet liquid whey was subjected to physicochemical analysis, minerals assay and amino acid profiling. It comprised of total solids, lactose, ash, crude protein and fat as 6.49±0.31, 5.26±0.26, 0.56±0.02, 0.81±0.03 and 0.25±0.01%, respectively. The results regarding mineral analysis indicated that whey contains appreciable amount of potassium, sodium and calcium. Furt...

Introduction: Rio Tinto area is considered a referent as an extremophilic scenery of iron rich and acidic water conditions for life [1]. Physic-chemical equilibriums taking place along of its watercourse during a year produce a repertory of mineral species related with the main chemical species in solution (sulphates and iron). Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows studying the...