lactoferrin (lf) is a bioactive protein present in all external secretions such as milk that plays important role in the innate host defense. therefore, the lf has a major role in bovine mammary gland defense during mastitis. in this study, 5’-flanking region of bovine lf gene containing three single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at positions −602 (t/g), −600 (a/g) and -586 (t/c) were screene...

From the last line Gaines and Davidson (I9~3) derived the formula, F C M = M (.4q-.I5 f) or F C M = . 4 M-+-I5 F, in which FCM is milk energy in terms of pounds of natural whole cows' milk of 4 percent fat content, M is milk in pounds and F is milk fat in pounds. Recently, Bonnier, Hansson and Jarl (I946) report that the regression of milk energy per unit milk on fat percentage is not linear an...

dairy cattle breeding programs have been based in the selection for traits related to milk production. in this research a data set of 63 herds of east azerbaijan province holstein cattle, collected during 2002-2013 by the iranian animal breeding center was used to estimate the repeatability and heritability of three traits of economic importance. genetic parameters for first three lactations of...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term forage substitution with ensiled olive cake (OC), on yield, composition and fatty acid (FA) profile cows’ milk. Mid-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned for 21 days two isoenergetic isoproteic feeding treatments (12 animals per treatment), containing 0 10% DM OC (C groups, respectively). Milk yield was recorded daily, milk...

In goat milk the most abundant proteins are the casein genes, CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3. Mutations have been identified within these genes affecting the level of gene expression, and effects on milk production traits have been reported. The aim of this study was to detect polymorphisms (SNPs) in the casein genes of Norwegian goats, resolve haplotype structures within the loci, and assess t...

The aim of this study was to estimate allelic and genotypic frequencies of five DNA markers that are positional and functional candidates for milk production traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. In addition, we evaluated the association of these markers with milk production traits and breeding values for milk production traits and also estimated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between two markers with...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of sesame wastes (SW) on performance, milk composition and blood metabolites in lactating dairy cows. In this order, eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design in four periods of 21 days. Treatments were control (no Sesame meal supplementat...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of sesame wastes (SW) on performance, milk composition and blood metabolites in lactating dairy cows. In this order, eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design in four periods of 21 days. Treatments were control (no Sesame meal supplementat...