Emerging respiratory disease agents, increased antibiotic resistance, and the loss of effective vaccines threaten to increase the incidence of respiratory disease in military personnel. We examine six respiratory pathogens (adenoviruses, influenza viruses, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) and review the impact of the diseases the...

ONGOING EVENTS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN HAVE led to renewed calls to implement widespread screening of members of armed forces to identify those at risk of future psychiatric injury before deployment and to identify those with psychological problems on their return home. If the military could predict who will develop psychological illness due to combat stress, military personnel and commanders w...

In light of the absence of guidelines and standards applicable to deployed military personnel, the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) has completed Technical Guide 230A, Short-term Chemical Exposure Guidelines for Deployed Military Personnel. This guide provides estimated concentration levels associated with various types of effects for short-term exposures...

Military sexual trauma includes sexual assault and sexual harassment in military settings by intimate partners and active duty personnel. Such violence triggers a syndrome of episodic, clustered, psychological and physiological symptoms that may be fatal. Despite its pervasiveness, many clinicians fail to recognize as many as 95% of cases among veterans and active duty personnel. Many victims r...

A cross-sectional quantitative study of cutaneous bacterial and yeast flora at seven body sites in 99 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and 50 seronegative military personnel was performed. Statistically significant differences in carriage rates were only observed for Staphylococcus aureus on the foreheads of seropositive individuals. Seronegative individuals demonstrated staphylococcal...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus [methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible (MRSA/MSSA)] is a leading cause of infections in military personnel, but there are limited data regarding baseline colonization of individuals while deployed. We conducted a pilot study to screen non-deployed and deployed healthy military service members for MRSA/MSSA colonization at various anatomic sites and a...

INTRODUCTION Stress fractures are common during military training but femoral neck stress fractures are uncommon and sometimes pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. An incomplete stress fracture with excellent prognosis, if left unprotected, can lead to displaced femoral neck fracture with almost 63% complication rate even with best of the treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze v...

INTRODUCTION A GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF DISEASE COMMUNICATION MAJOR WORLD WAR II DISEASES: THE BIG FOUR Tuberculosis Venereal Diseases Malaria Hepatitis OTHER INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES IN WORLD WAR II THE BIG FOUR IN KOREA THE BIG FOUR IN VIETNAM PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF THE BIG FOUR Tuberculosis and Screening Venereal Diseases and Ambulatory Treatment Malaria and Vector Transmission Hepati...

A study was made of the titres of tetanus antitoxin in the sera of 186 recruits and 886 serving personnel. All were found to have titres of more than 0.01 IU per ml, the titre regarded as sufficient to provide protection from tetanus. The percentage of recruits with tetanus antitoxin titres less than 0.1 IU per ml was significantly greater than the percentage of serving personnel with antitoxin...