This paper empirically examines commercialization of university faculty inventions through startup firms from 1994 through 2008. Using data from the Association of University Technology Managers and the 2010 NRC doctoral rankings, our research reveals several findings. We find that university entrepreneurship is more common in bad economic times and that engineering department quality and biolo...

background: several studies suggest the existence of an effective relationship between individuals’characteristics and important factors such as occupational and organizational performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and etc. this study was designed based on the dimensions of personality (introversion /extroversion) of managers of iran university of medical sciences at three l...

Despite of increasing interest in social cognitive research in strategic management during recent years, few studies have examined the relationship between cognitive structures of top management and middle management. This study represents the information processing approach in managerial cognition research assuming that top management communicate their shared cognitions into the organization r...

Norway is an example of the Nordic model in which local level fundamental importance. However, municipalities are relatively small and increasingly subject to decentralisation their activities. To compensate for scale disadvantages, a mixture collaborative activities pursued order build system capacity. Paradoxically, little known about collaboration among key stakeholders. This article makes c...