BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding occurrence and measurement of structural variants of albumin in urine. In this study, we examined cross-reactivity of in vitro modified albumins in assays for urine albumin (microalbumin). METHODS We analyzed albumin modified by reagents, trypsin, or physical treatments or differing in primary sequence (animal albumins) with an immunoturbidimetric assay...

BACKGROUND Urinary albumin detection by immunonephelometry is decreased by approximately 30% in samples that have been frozen at -20 degrees C. An HPLC method for assessment of urinary albumin that detects immunoreactive and immunochemically nonreactive albumin has been introduced as an alternative to immunonephelometry. We investigated whether this technique is affected by sample temperature, ...

P revious studies have reported a marked variation in the prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients ranging from 7 to 47% (1– 13). The variation could arise from ethnic/genetic differences in susceptibility (3–11) and from methodological issues for investigating the prevalence, such as small-sized populations (3,12,13); single clinic–based studies (8,12); use of the dipstick me...

Prolonged Frozen Storage of Urine Samples, Jacoline W. Brinkman, Dick de Zeeuw, Jacko J. Duker, Ronald T. Gansevoort, Ido P. Kema, Hans L. Hillege, Paul E. de Jong, and Stephan J.L. Bakker (Departments of 1 Clinical Pharmacology, 2 Internal Medicine, and 3 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and the 4 Trial and Coordination Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen,...

Introduction and Aim: Diabetic nephropathy is the common cause of final stage kidney disease. Studies on trace elements oxidant-antioxidant status in diabetes mellitus are required for establishing mechanisms involved pathogenesis diabetic complications, also to establish biomarkers addition conventional markers. The present study aimed assess correlate blood levels copper, iron, ceruloplasmin,...