Background: There is a rapid increase worldwide in the consumption of mineral waters which may contain different level of radioactive elements, especially 226Ra, in addition to varying amounts of beneficial salts. Therefore, a comprehensive study was planned and carried out in order to determine concentration of 226Ra natural radionuclide in bottled mineral waters that commercially available in...

This paper presents a novel design of MEMS based microneedle actuator with force feedback system which can be used for biomedical applications such as cell manipulation, drug delivery and DNA injection. The actuation mechanism of microneedle is driven by two electrostatic comb actuators. Since the manipulated objects are very sensitive, and can be easily damaged, it’s essential to have a force ...

a brief overview of the historical development of ergonomics in organizational design and management (odam) is presented. as a component of technology or ergonomics, macro ergonomics are described as a systematic. scientifically based means of optimizing work system  design. macro ergonomics  might  be reoffered  to  as: organization - environment - human - machine interface technology. involve...

An array of piezoelectric micro actuators can be used for radiation of an ultrasonic carrier signal modulated in amplitude with an acoustic signal, which yields audio frequency applications as the air acts as a self-demodulating medium. This application is known as the parametric array. We propose a parametric array with array elements based on existing piezoelectric micro ultrasonic transducer...

A three-dimensional multi-stage optical interconnection network is proposed for mussively purullel processors. The interconnection network employs beamsteering vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers FCSEL) as space-division switching elements, and micromachined micro-Fresnel lenses as free-space optical elements. The entire switching network is integrated on a Si chip using the free-space micr...

Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (micro-XAS) were used in the present study to obtain spatially resolved micro-scale information on elemental composition, trace element distribution, chemical speciation and oxidation state and/or mineral phase distribution within historical iron artefacts dating from the Iron Age to early Medieval Ti...

Projected performance metrics of free-space optical and electrical interconnections are estimated and compared in terms of smart-pixel input-output bandwidth density and practical geometric packaging constraints. The results suggest that three-dimensional optical interconnects based on smart pixels provide the highest volume, latency, and power-consumption benefits for applications in which glo...

Lagrangian stochastic models applicable to the prediction of particle deposition onto hydraulically smooth surfaces are extended to account for the effects of surface roughness. Within the modelling approach, roughness elements are treated as mass ‘sinks’ volumetrically distributed within the flows. The extreme sensitivity of the deposition of micron and sub-micron sized particles to the micro-...

We report the first fabrication of vertical three-dimensional micro-Fresnel lenses with polysilicon materials by surface micromachining technique. Micro-Fresnel lenses play a very important role in micro-optics because of their thin film structures and their ability to achieve very short focal lengths. Although micro-Fresnel lenses have been studied and well understood [ 11, the lens planes usu...