Female reproduction is the only system subjected to well defined periodic changes. The final stage of the menstrual cycle in mammals is the maturation of the ovum and the preparation of the female organism to support fetal development fertilization. Once pregnancy occurs, both maternal and fetal sites emit regulatory signals to ensure embryo development and maternal protection against a graft v...

objectives: dependence and tolerance are major restricting factors in the clinical use of opioid analgesics. in the present study, the effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of nigella sativa seeds, on morphine dependence and tolerance were investigated in mice. materials and methods: male adult nmri mice were made tolerant and dependent by repeated injections of morphine (50, 50, and 7...

Background: The ovariectomized animals are good models to evaluate the effect of different steroid hormone treatments on implantation events and the pattern of integrin expression. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the expression of integrins and osteopontin (OPN) in correlation with pinopode development in ovariectomized mice endometrium which was subjected to steroid hormones. Me...

introduction: topiramate is a newly anti-convulsant drug, which acts as nmda glutamate receptor antagonist as well as the gabab receptor agonist. it is used for physical dependence to opioids as well as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and ecstasy dependence. in the present study attempts were made to further identification of the effects of topiramate on the acquisition and expression of morphine-in...

Background and Purpose ?-Arrestin2 recruitment to ?-receptors may contribute the development of opioid side effects. This possibility led TRV130 PZM21, opioids reportedly biased against ?-arrestin2 in favour G-protein signalling. However, low efficacy by PZM21 simply reflect partial agonism overlooked due overexpression ?-receptors. Experimental Approach Efficacies apparent potencies DAMGO, mor...

the effect of nmda (n-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor antagonists on tolerance to morphine antinociception was investigated in mice. daily subcutaneous administration of 50 mg/kg of morphine hydrochloride for three days induced tolerance to different (3,6 and 9 mg/kg) test doses of morphine. the tolerance obtained was decreased by pretreatment of animals with single or repeated doses of competitiv...

mancozeb, a fungicide of a manganese-zinc ethylenebisdithio-carbamate (ebdc), was administered by gavage at doses of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg/day to female virgin mice for 30 days. the mice were autopsied on 31st day. mice were also treated with similar doses for a period of 30 days and the treatment was withdrawn for a further period of 30 days for reversible study. the mice were autopsied ...

caffeine, an adenosine a1, a2a, and a2b receptor antagonist, is frequently used as an adjuvant analgesic in combination with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on preventing the development of morphine tolerance and analgesia in mice. in this study, different groups of mice received morphine (30 mg/kg) + saline (10 ml/...

Uterine abnormalities infertility can be treated with implantable patches for tension-free healing. However, the existing clinical are still limited in effective uterus recovery, resulting low pregnancy and live birth rates. Herein, a novel engineered, biocompatible Janus collagen patch (JCOP) is developed to achieve excellent uterine defect recovery increase births. The JCOP highly match struc...

Steroid hormone receptor co-factors are abundantly expressed in the uterus in order to modify steroid hormone receptor action, either leading to activation or repression of transcription in the endometrium. However, the role of co-factors in remodelling of the human endometrium has not been established. We therefore endeavoured to evaluate the presence of the co-activator SRC (steroid receptor ...