perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) is a widely spread environmental contaminant. it accumulates in the brain and has potential neurotoxin effects. due to chemical properties, pfos shows persistency in the environment and therefore has potential hazardous effect. the risk of possible intra uterine exposure to pfos poses a health concern for developmental effects. the goal of this study was survey o...

Aluminum (Al) has a significant toxic potential for humans. Although knowledge of Al toxicity has markedly improved in recent years, there is relatively little information regarding its embryotoxicity and teratogenic potential. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of short-term exposure of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the external abnormality of the fetuses of pregnant mice. Matu...

Studies were conducted in Swiss (CD-1) mice to evaluate the potential of inhaled vapors of methyl isocyanate (MIC) to affect reproduction and development. Inhaled MIC at concentrations of 0, 1, or 3 ppm, 6 hr per day during days 14 through 17 of gestation caused a significant increase in the number of dead fetuses at birth and caused a significant decrease in neonatal survival during lactation....

It has been shown that the noradrenergic (NE) locus coeruleus (LC)-hippocampal pathway plays an important role in learning and memory processing, and that the development of this transmitter pathway is influenced by neurotrophic factors. Although some of these factors have been discovered, the regulatory mechanisms for this developmental event have not been fully elucidated. Glial cell line-der...

INTRODUCTION Sulfur Mustard (SM) has been used as a chemical warfare agent, in the World War I and more recently during Iraq-Iran war in early 1980s'. Its biological poisoning effect could be local or systemic and its effect depends on environmental conditions, exposed organs, and the extent and duration of exposure. It is considered as a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic, carcinogen...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been associated with adverse developmental outcomes including embryonic resorption, intra-uterine fetal death (IUFD), intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and preterm labor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate LPS-induced developmental toxicity. Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ascorbic acid on LPS-induced IUF...

Cleft palate following cleft lip may include a developmental disorder during palatogenesis. CL/Fr mice fetuses, which develop cleft lip and palate spontaneously, have less capability for in vivo cell proliferation in palatal mesenchyme compared with CL/Fr normal fetuses. In order to know the changes of signaling molecules contributing to cleft palate morphogenesis following cleft lip, the mRNA ...