Even for persons who hold to the ethical acceptance of abortion practices in general, questions of detail often arise. If you assume the distinction between the physical human organism alone and the person that is associated with that organism, then you must face the question of whether it is permissible to abort a fetus if the corresponding person has come into being. We take the position that...

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterized by fixed joint contractures and other deformities, sometimes resulting in fetal death. The cause is unknown in most cases, but some women with fetuses affected by severe AMC have serum antibodies that inhibit fetal acetylcholine receptor (AChR) function, and antibodies to fetal antigens might play a pathogenic role in other congenital di...

We evaluated the effect of vaccination with the SAG1 protein of Toxoplasma gondii against congenital toxoplasmosis in mice with different genetic backgrounds. In BALB/c mice (H-2(d)), vaccination reduced the number of infected fetuses by 50% and was associated with a mixed type 1 and type 2 immunity. In CBA/J mice (H-2(k)), vaccination increased the number of infected fetuses by 50% and was ass...

BACKGROUND Ultrasound is a valuable non-invasive tool used in obstetrics and gynecology to monitor the growth and well being of the human fetus. The laboratory mouse has recently emerged as an appropriate model for fetal and perinatal studies because morphogenetic processes in mice exhibit adequate homology to those in humans, and genetic manipulations are relatively simple to perform in mice. ...

In mammals, the intrauterine condition has an important role in the development of fetal physiological systems in later life. Suboptimal maternal environment can alter the regulatory pathways that determine the normal development of the fetus in utero, which in post-natal life may render the individual more susceptible to cardiovascular or metabolic adult-life diseases. Changes in the intrauter...

Nanoparticles are used in an increasing number of biomedical, industrial, and food applications, but their safety profiles in developing organisms, including the human fetus and infant, have not been evaluated. Titanium oxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles, which are commonly used in cosmetics, sunscreens, paints, and food, have been shown to induce emphysema and lung inflammation in adult mice. We hyp...

Introduction: This study aims to determine the teratogenic effects of electric mosquito repellents on mouse (Mus musculus) fetuses. The repellent used contains active ingredient dimefluthrin 0.566% (4.2 mg/matt) which was inhaled into pregnant mice during organogenesis period 6-15 days gestation. Material and Methods: A total 30 were divided five groups with six repetitions, namely C: Control g...

Treatment and outcome of childbirth depend on the acidobasic balance of the fetal blood related to the oxygen and carbon dioxide level. Hypoxemia could lead to asphyxia that is why fetal monitoring and biochemical parameters assessment are mandatory. Although there are compensatory mechanisms that temporarily protect the fetus, there are also other factors that interfere with the oxygenation of...