Insect vectors of human diseases are subject to diseases of their own caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and nematodes. Over the past 30 years, many members of these groups have been evaluated as vector control agents, particularly for mosquito control. Most pathogens and nematodes occur primarily in larvae, and are only effective against this stage. The principal candidate control...

Cry11A from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Cry11Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan were introduced, separately and in combination, into the chromosome of Bacillus sphaericus 2297 by in vivo recombination. Two loci on the B. sphaericus chromosome were chosen as target sites for recombination: the binary toxin locus and the gene encoding the 36-kDa protease that may b...

BACKGROUND The incidence of mosquito-borne diseases and the resistance of mosquitoes to conventional pesticides have recently caused a panic to the authorities in the endemic countries. This study was conducted to identify native larvicidal biopesticides against Culex pipiens for utilization in the battle against mosquito-borne diseases. METHODS Larvicidal activities of new indigenous Bacillu...

Abstract Rice cultivation is important in China with over 29.33 million hm 2 of rice fields, producing 28.9% yields worldwide. fields are mass breeding sites for mosquitoes approximately 40 mosquito species found amongst them. Anopheles sinensis , lesteri and Culex tritaeniorhynchus the three main that fields. An. vectors malaria flat areas China, Cx. a vector Japanese B encephalitis. This revi...

The present dengue situation and methods to control Aedes aegypti larvae in Cebu City, Philippines, were evaluated for the development of an integrated community-based dengue control program. The study included the detection of dengue infection among Filipino patients, surveying mosquito breeding sites to determine larval population density of Aedes aegypti, an evaluation of public knowledge, a...

Mosquito control is a major public health concern, as mosquitoes transmit many severe human diseases such as malaria, filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile virus and the chikungunya virus. These diseases represent a major health threat and economic burden in disease-endemic countries, and are currently in expansion due to increased worldwide exchanges, urbanization, and global warming. Th...