Definitions of "urban" and "rural" developed for general purposes may not reflect the organization and delivery of healthcare. This research used cluster analysis to group Local Health Areas based on the distribution of healthcare spending across service categories. Though total spending was similar, the metropolitan areas of Vancouver and Victoria were identified as distinct from non-metropoli...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the barriers to practising as a rural consultant physician. DESIGN Cross-sectional postal survey. PARTICIPANTS All 981 practising consultant physicians in Victoria, Australia, who were Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians in 1999; 52 (100%) of rural physicians and 634 (68.2%) of metropolitan physicians completed the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES De...

OBJECTIVE To determine trends in crude and risk-adjusted mortality for major trauma patients injured in rural or metropolitan New South Wales, 2009-2014. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of NSW statewide trauma registry data. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients (aged 16 years or more) who presented with major trauma (Injury Severity Scores greater than 15) to a NSW hospital during 2009-2014. MAIN ...

Definition The concept of a metropolitan areas is that of a core area containing a large population nucleus, together with adjacent communities having a high degree of economic and social integration with that core. They include metropolitan statistical areas (MSA’s), consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSA’s), and primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSA’s). An area that qualifie...

Data from the annual, seasonal, and hourly behavior of the criteria air pollutants CO, NO2, SO2, O3, and PM10 in three Mexican metropolitan areas (the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), and Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA)) over the period 2000–2011 were analyzed; and compliance with Mexican air quality standards was evaluated, highlighting causes of spe...

Key Findings. (1) Hospital network participation from 2007 to 2012 increased in larger hospitals (more than 150 beds), non-government not-for-profit hospitals, and metropolitan hospitals. Network participation changed inconsistently in other types of hospitals. (2) Hospital system affiliation has generally increased in hospitals of all sizes, non-government not-for-profit hospitals, hospitals i...

Analysis of 2000 census data revealed that blacks in Metropolitan Detroit are the most racially segregated population group in the United States. Blacks in Metropolitan Detroit reside overwhelmingly in central city housing while whites reside overwhelmingly in suburban housing. The objective of this paper is to determine whether the low representation of blacks in suburban housing and the lower...

In the thematic of relations between transport networks and territorial processes, in particular that of metropolisation, we locate as spatial planners. Thus, we tend to consider transport networks as a tool for territory planning and construction. According to this point of view, this essay lies in an analysis of transport service in a metropolitan region. Applied to the case of Lille metropol...

PROBLEM/CONDITION Higher rates of death in nonmetropolitan areas (often referred to as rural areas) compared with metropolitan areas have been described but not systematically assessed. PERIOD COVERED 1999-2014 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Mortality data for U.S. residents from the National Vital Statistics System were used to calculate age-adjusted death rates and potentially excess deaths for non...

Between 1975 and 1 April 1986, public transport by bus in the metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, England, was increasingly subsidised. Trends in road traffic accident casualties between 1974 and 1983 in all the six provincial English metropolitan counties have been compared in order to examine the possible effect of this unique subsidy on the incidence of road traffic accident casualties. ...