The existing rapid method for the determination of anionic surfactants in aqueous solutions relies on the association of the cationic methylene blue dye with the anionic surfactant to form an electroneutral complex that is subsequently extracted into chloroform and determined spectrophotometrically. This methylene blue active substance (MBAS) assay suffers from salt interference in estuarine an...

Three fish species (Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Carrassius auratus auratus) were artificially infected with the fungus Saprolegnia parasitica. The infection was done under certain laboratory circumstances represented by a change in temperature (10, 15, 20, 25 30°C) nutrients (normal, decrease increase nutrients) constant pH. statistical analysis of results showed that influence...

Chemical modifications of clay to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions at room temperature were compared. Natural bentonite (NC) was modified by cation exchange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HC), bencyltriethylammonium chloride (BC), and tetramethylammonium chloride (TC) to reverse the surface polarity of the hydrophilic bentonite. The adsorption of MB was studied and f...

Irvingia malayana has been utilized for traditional medicine in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.The aim of this research is to detect cytotoxic activity of extract of Irvingia malayana. The extraction with methanol and partition by variated eluen polarity. This extraction produced methanol extract, n-hexane fraction, methylene chloride fraction, ethylacetate fraction and methanol fraction. Cytotoxic...

This report represents a study of the total metabolism of the hepatocellular carcinogen, N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NO-PYR), by rat liver microsomes and postmicrosomal supernatant. [2,5-14C]NO-PYR, which is totally extractable from aqueous solution with methylene chloride, is converted to radioactive nonmethylene chloride-extractable products by these fractions. The initial rate of conversion to non...

Nanoparticles were obtained by nanoprecipitation and emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) method. In the ESE method, size of particles depended on type concentration surfactant (in water phase) polymer organic phase). The best results with ionic surfactants, however, use such compounds may accelerate degradation process polymers. ratio (methylene chloride) to non-solvent (hexane) has a significan...

During studies on the effect of isoniazid on the dehydrogenase activity of tubercle bacilli, the surprising observation was made that the bacteria which had been exposed to the drug reduced methylene blue or triphenyltetrazolium chloride at a much faster rate than did the untreated bacteria. The present report describes this phenomenon in detail and our attempts to elucidate its mechanism and s...

A method has been developed for the conversion of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, and phenol, into the corresponding esters at room temperature. The method uses a titanium(III) species generated from a substoichiometric amount of titanocene dichloride together with manganese(0) as a reductant, as well as methylene diiodide. It involves a transesterification from an ethyl ester, or a ...

The primary cause of death in most smoke inhalation toxicoses in small animals is believed to be carbon monoxide (CO) toxicosis. Thermal injury to the respiratory tract is another part of the syndrome in many cases. Toxic injury to the respiratory tract from noxious gases and particulates is often a third significant component of the process. Chapter Sections Smoke Inhalation Methylene Chloride...