In this research, a green, operationally simple, highly efficient and facile cascade Biginelli reaction using various aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea/thiourea has been developed. First, the ionic liquid was prepared from the reaction of 1-methyl-2-pyrolidone with methane sulfonic acid. Then, this ionic liquid was applied as an acidic catalyst in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidi...

Introduction: A strong relationship exists between cigarette smoking and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Smoking can significantly increase cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, there is little reference in literature to the cytological assessment of oral mucosa in this respect. Methods: Changes in nuclear and neucleolar cytomorphometric parameters such as diameter, surface, nu...

although candida albicans is the most common etiologic agent of candidiasis, c. dubliniensis, has been emerged, as another pathogen resembles c. albicans in many phenotypic aspects and noted for its in vitro potential for fluconazole resistance. since there was no evidence of any report about detection of this organism in iran, this study was designed to use of five different tests for identifi...

A simple and efficient one-pot method for the preparation of aromatic iodides has been developed by sequential diazotization–iodination of aromatic amines employing sodium nitrite and sodium iodide in the presence of acidic ionic liquid N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonum hydrosulfate ([H-NMP]HSO4). The diazonium salts that are formed by this ionic liquid are stable at room temperature and r...

3-methyl-1-(4-sulfobuthyl)-1-H-imidazol-3ium hydrogen sulfate, as a dual acidic ionic liquid (DAIL), was found to be an efficient catalyst for the simple, rapid and green synthesis of substituted trisphenols from the condensation of different substituted phenols and 2,6-bis (methylol) phenols (BMP). DAIL catalyst efficiently promoted the reaction between phenols and BMPs with a variety of funct...

With the objective of finding valuable herbicidal candidates, a series of new 5-heterocycloxy-3-methyl-1-substituted-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized and their herbicidal activities were evaluated. The bioassay results showed that some compounds exhibited excellent herbicidal activities at the concentration of 100 mg/L, and compound 5-chloro-2-((3-methyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ox...

It has long been known that in acid solution phenazine and related compounds, including N-alkylated derivatives, are oxidized and reduced in distinct l-electron steps, thereby passing through a semiquinoid intermediate (l-4). These semiquinoid forms are stable in acid and have a characteristic green color which readily distinguishes them from the fully oxidized or fully reduced compounds. N-Met...

Specialized adaptations for application of Goldner's Masson trichrome stain to plastic embedded undecalcified bone specimens are presented. This stain can be used successfully on methyl-glycol methacrylate, glycol methacrylate and Spurr embedded bones. The stain affords the advantage of good cellular staining due to the hematoxylin component with concomitant sharp discrimination of mature bone ...

The minor groove binding asymmetric cyanine dye 4-[(3-methyl-6-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro- (benzo-1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene)]-1-methyl-pyridin ium iodide (BEBO) is tested as sequence non- specific label in real-time PCR. The fluorescence intensity of BEBO increases upon binding to double-stranded DNA allowing emission to be measured at the end of the elongation phase in the PCR cycle. BE...

The gene named bciD, which encodes the enzyme involved in C7-formylation in bacteriochlorophyll e biosynthesis, was found and investigated by insertional inactivation in the brown-colored green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum limnaeum (previously called Chlorobium phaeobacteroides). The bciD mutant cells were green in color, and accumulated bacteriochlorophyll c homologs bearing the 7-methyl gro...