In this study, we investigated the neural substrate involved in the comprehension of novel metaphoric sentences by comparing the findings to those obtained with literal and anomalous sentences using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimuli consisted of 63 copula sentences ("An A is a B") in Japanese with metaphorical, literal, or anomalous meanings. Thirteen normal pa...

We investigated the consequences and preconditions of two types of metaphors in stock market commentary. Agent metaphors describe price trends as actions of an animate, selfpropelled actor, whereas object metaphors describe them as movements of an inanimate object caused by external physical forces. Study 1 examined the consequences of commentary for lay investors’ judgments. Agent metaphors, c...

The left superior temporal sulcus (STS) plays an important role in integrating audiovisual information and is functionally connected to disparate regions of the brain. For the integration of gesture information in an abstract sentence context (metaphoric gestures), intact connectivity between the left STS and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) should be important. Patients with schizophrenia have...

We used event-related fMRI (ER-fMRI) to test the hypothesis that metaphors bias cognitive processing of semantic relatedness towards a search for a wider range of associations. Twelve right-handed male volunteers read a mixture of metaphoric and literal sentences, each sentence being followed by a single word, which could be semantically related or not to the preceding sentence context. We foun...

This study aimed to describe language symbols having wider meaning, metaphoric and socio-cultural background of HAMKA’s biography novel. The method used was descriptive qualitative. Findings this showed that the consisted of: ikon, indek, simbol; aspect meaning conceptual meaning. Metaphoric reflected in rethorical utterance. Out 18 rethotical utterances, there were 12 rhetorical utterances whi...

BACKGROUND The modes of communication which patients use are seen as important within the sphere of palliative care and have been the focus of much research. AIM This literature review aims to identify and analyse one particular mode of patient expression, namely that of the figure of speech (trope) 'metaphor', and ask questions regarding metaphor's therapeutic usefulness when engaging with t...

We propose that there are four fundamental kinds of metaphor that are uniquely mapped onto specific brain ‘‘networks’’ and present preliterate (i.e., evolutionary, including before the appearance of written language in the historical record), prelinguistic (i.e., developmental, before the appearance of speech in human development), and extralinguistic (i.e., neuropsychological, cognitive) evide...

Two hypotheses were considered regarding the relationship between positive schizotypy and metaphor processing. On the basis of continuity between schizophrenia and schizotypy, high schizotypal individuals would be expected to be impaired at metaphor processing. However, given the right hemisphere processing bias that has been associated with positive schizotypy, they would be expected to be sup...

This paper presents a tool for extracting and normalizing temporal expressions in SMS messages in order to automatically fill in an electronic calendar. The extraction process is based on a library of finite-state transducers that identify temporal structures and annotate the components needed for the time normalization task. An initial evaluation puts recall at 0.659 and precision at 0.795.