In hybrid laser–MIG keyhole welding, anti-crack elements can be added into the weld pool through a filler metal in anticipation of compensating mass loss, preventing porosity formation and improving compositional and mechanical properties of the welds. Understanding the mixing and diffusion of the filler metal in the molten pool is vital to achieve these desired objectives. In this study, mathe...

Thermally induced conductance jumps of metal nanowires are modeled using stochastic Ginzburg-Landau field theories. Changes in radius are predicted to occur via the nucleation of surface kinks at the wire ends, consistent with recent electron microscopy studies. The activation rate displays nontrivial dependence on nanowire length, and undergoes first- or second-order-like transitions as a func...

Salmon fishery management and stock assessment currently use cohort-based mortality models that rely on age-specific tag recovery data as the primary annual input. The current method of choice for large-scale tagging of Pacific salmonids is the coded wire tag (CWT), a small piece of mechanically-inserted metal (1.1 x 0.25 mm long) with a numerical code that is -mortem and read under a microscop...

In this paper we discuss the interplay of quantum fluctuations and dissipation in uniform superconducting nanowires. We consider a phenomenological model with superconducting and normal components and a finite equilibration rate between these two fluids. We find that phase-slip dipoles proliferate in the wire and decouple the two fluids within its bulk. This implies that the normal fluid only c...

We discuss the emergence of a spontaneous temperature and critical current spatial modulation in current-carrying high-temperature superconducting wire. The modulation of the critical current along the wire on a scale of 3-10 mm forces a fraction of the transport current to crisscross the resistive interface between the superconducting film and normal metal stabilizer attached to it. This gener...

We obtain an extremely high current sensitivity by wrapping a section of microfiber on a thin-diameter chromium-nickel wire. Our detected current sensitivity is as high as 220.65 nm/A2 for a structure length of only 35 μm. Such sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than the counterparts reported in the literature. Analysis shows that a higher resistivity or/and a thinner diameter of the...

For transparent conducting electrodes in optoelectronic devices, electrical sheet resistance and optical transmittance are two of the main criteria. Recently, metal nanowires have been demonstrated to be a promising type of transparent conducting electrode because of low sheet resistance and high transmittance. Here we incorporate a mesoscale metal wire (1-5 μm in diameter) into metal nanowire ...

Economic challenges for small size IC design and manufacturing require: reduced die size without adding layers or other costs, bonding with Cu wire instead of Au wire, and maintained or improved reliability. Die size shrinking involves extensive use of circuit under pad (CUP) or bond over active circuitry (BOAC) on IC’s having at least two levels of metal. CUP however, introduces more potential...

This paper presents the experimental results on explosion of copper wire at a discharge voltage of 9kV for the generation of Cu nanoparticles in nitrogen environment at different pressures. The current and voltage waveforms for different pressures of the nitrogen gas have been recorded by a current transformer and a high voltage probe. Nanoparticles generated by the electro exploded wire method...