We present a method for approximating thermodynamic parameters ΔG(P,T)°, ΔH, and ΔS for the cation exchange process in metal-organic frameworks, as exemplified by Ni(2+) exchange into Zn4O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)3 (MOF-5) and Co(2+) exchange into MOF-5 and Zn5Cl4(bis(1H-1,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-b],[4',5'-i])dibenzo-[1,4]-dioxin)3 (MFU-4l). For these examples, we find that the cation exchange proce...

Synthetic chemists have provided a wide array of supramolecular assemblies able to encapsulate guest molecules. The scope of this tutorial review focuses on supramolecular host molecules capable of reversibly encapsulating polyatomic guests. Much work has been done to determine the mechanism of guest encapsulation and guest release. This review covers common methods of monitoring and characteri...

One of the most promising applications for molecules built from paramagnetic metal ions is low-temperature magnetic refrigeration. Indeed, recent studies have suggested that molecular coolers can outperform any conventionally employed solid-state refrigerant material by orders of magnitude. In order to do so, molecules must possess a combination of a large spin ground state (S), with negligible...

This study illustrates the complimentary nature of selected techniques for characterizing kaolinite. For the particular type of kaolinte studied, scanning electron micrographs revealed the presence of crystallites and mostly larger than clay-sized particles. These findings were in agreement with the low cation exchange capacity, low specific surface area, low zero point of charge and high purit...

The inorganic–organic hybrid micro/nanoparticles have emerged as an exciting new research area owing to their highly tailorable properties, as well as their potential applications in drug delivery, catalysis, biosensing, biomedical imaging, gas storage, spin-crossover, and optics. Unlike inorganic particles, the inorganic–organic hybrid micro/nanostructures can be easily tuned by switching the ...

An electron density map of the reactive, Cd2+ form of crystalline phosphoglucomutase from X-ray diffraction studies shows that the enzymic phosphate donates a nonbridging oxygen to the ligand sphere of the bound metal ion, which appears to be tetracoordinate. 31P and 113Cd NMR spectroscopy are used to assess changes in the properties of bound Cd2+ produced by substrate/product and by substrate/...

Little research has been done on the land-sea exchange of trace elements, which is particularly applicable to ria coasts. In particular, trace metal enrichment in the inner part of the Ria of Vigo (the San Simon Inlet) has been observed from sediment studies but there is no information about Cd, Pb and Zn fluxes through the Rande Strait, which is the natural boundary of the estuary-ria water ex...