Increasing salinity led to substantially higher ratios of mesophyll surface area to leaf area (A(mes)/A) for Phaseolus vulgaris and Gossypium hirsutum and a smaller increase for Atriplex patula, a salt-tolerant species. The increase in internal surface for CO(2) absorption did not lead to higher CO(2) uptake rates, since the CO(2) resistance expressed on the basis of mesophyll cell wall area (r...

Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (C.J.B., A.R.P., S.P.L.); Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (C.J.B., A.R.P.); and Molecular Plant Physiology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra City, Australi...

We described advection and diffusion of water isotopologues in leaves in the non-steady state, applied specifically to amphistomatous leaves. This explains the isotopic enrichment of leaf water from the xylem to the mesophyll, and we showed how it relates to earlier models of leaf water enrichment in non-steady state. The effective length or tortuosity factor of isotopologue movement in leaves ...

Cotton produces a diverse mixture of sesquiterpenoids and sesterterpenoids that protect the plant from pathogens and insects. These compounds may be preformed and/or induced by pathogen attack or insect herbivory. The preformed compounds occur in subepidermal lysigenous glands, while the pathogen-induced compounds are synthesized by specialized cells such as paravascular cells appressed to xyle...

The effect of pH on the kinetics of photosynthesis, O(2) inhibition of photosynthesis, and photorespiration was examined with mesophyll cells isolated from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves. At constant, subsaturating bicarbonate concentration (0.5 mm), O(2) inhibition of photosynthesis increased with increasing pH because high pH shifts the CO(2)-bicarbonate equilibrium toward bicarbonat...

The possibility of HCO(3) (-) transport into isolated leaf mesophyll cells of Asparagus sprengeri Regel has been investigated. Measurement of the inorganic carbon pool in these cells over an external pH range 6.2 to 8.0, using the silicone-fluid filtration technique, indicated that the pool was larger than predicted by passive (14)CO(2) distribution, suggesting that HCO(3) (-) as well as CO(2) ...

Dry periods are predicted to become more frequent and severe in the future in some parts of the tropics, including Amazonia, potentially causing reduced productivity, higher tree mortality and increased emissions of stored carbon. Using a long-term (12 year) through-fall exclusion (TFE) experiment in the tropics, we test the hypothesis that trees produce leaves adapted to cope with higher level...