The article describes the main types of mental information processing in context a systematic structural method. author analyses semantic theories information. reviews mechanisms and its qualitative properties. mechanism textual presupposition accommodation.

INTRODUCTION During information presentation, the target audience must construct a mental representation of situations or scenarios conveyed by the verbal content and images contained in the presentation. Cognitive psychologists refer to these representations as situation models (Friedman & Miyake, 2000). During situation model construction , increases in the number of alternative order of even...

Navigation through an environment is a fundamental human activity. Although group differences in navigational ability are documented (e.g., gender), little is known about traits that predict these abilities. Apart from a well-established link between mental rotational abilities and navigational learning abilities, recent studies point to an influence of trait anxiety on the formation of interna...

Two experiments are reported that tested core assumptions of the mental models theory of syllogistic inference (e.g., Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991) by examining inspection times for syllogistic components. Results supported mental models predictions of: (1) increased cognitive load across syllogistic figures, with differences in processing demand arising for BA-CB versus AB-BC problems for both ...

Combat is inherently a demanding situation which may increase stress, heighten arousal, and increase anxiety. The Processing Efficiency Theory (PET) was specifically developed to account for how anxiety influences performance. Therefore, the PET provides a potential theory to explain the positive and negative changes in performance in a combat environment. This study is the first attempt to exa...

Social information processing and moral domain theories have developed in relative isolation from each other despite their common focus on intentional harm and victimization, and mutual emphasis on social cognitive processes in explaining aggressive, morally relevant behaviors. This article presents a selective summary of these literatures with the goal of showing how they can be integrated int...

Discourse processing depends on long-term semantic memory and discourse memory (i.e. the organization and maintenance of a mental model). Using event-related potentials, the information-processing functions of the activities manifested by a centroparietal negativity (N400) and a posterior positivity (P600) were investigated during the processing of inferences. On the basis of findings from sema...

Mental representations have continuous as well as discrete, combinatorial properties. For example, while predominantly discrete, phonological representations also vary continuously; this is reflected by gradient effects in instrumental studies of speech production. Can an integrated theoretical framework address both aspects of structure? The framework we introduce here, Gradient Symbol Process...

The mode of visual information processing during visuospatial tasks differs across species and is supposed to depend on evolutionary and ecological factors. Humans show reaction times that increase with angular disparity when tested in mental rotation tasks. Pigeons show a time-independent rotational invariance that possibly evolved in response to the horizontal reference plane birds perceive w...