context of migraine Having read the January 2007 issue of the Journal with the very interesting and well-written article on menstrual migraine by Anne MacGregor,1 I was surprised to read the words flickering lights (Box 1; 1.2.1 Typical aura with migraine headaches B.1.) in the context of migraines with aura. This is confusing as the UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use2 seems ...

Migraine headaches are more prevalent in women and often occur during the early phases of the menstrual cycle, implying a link between migraine and ovarian steroids. Serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors have been proposed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine. The trigeminal ganglion (TG) has been proposed as a site for 5-HT synthesis based on the expression of the rate limiting e...

It is becoming evident that oral hormonal contraceptives-besides being well established contraceptives-seem to become important medications for many functional or organic disturbances. So far, clinical effectiveness has been shown for treatment as well as prevention of menstrual bleeding disorders and menstrual-related pain symptoms. Also this is true for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premens...

The prevalence of migraine is higher in women than men, with female to male ratio 3:1 reproductive age. It believed that sex hormones play significant role pathogenesis. Therefore, treatment has some specificities due hormonal differences between sexes and fluctuations during menstrual cycle, pregnancy, lactation perimenopause. Treatment pregnancy depends on safety profile the therapy. NSAID-s ...

Motion sickness (MS) is an unpleasant and sometimes disabling condition in response to the perception of certain kind of motions. Its pathogenesis is incompletely understood; interactions between endocrine mechanisms and the vestibular apparatus are likely, as suggested by a higher incidence and severity of MS in females and pregnancy, the reported changes in MS susceptibility during the menstr...

Connection between migraine and patent foramen ovale (PFO) may be defined as a “tower of Babel” or a “vexata quaestio.” Indeed, there is still conflicting evidence as to the causal relationship of PFO in migraine with aura. The PFO is a kind of oblique fissure between the right and the left atrium, formed by the overlap of the septum primum and the septum secundum, guiding right-to-left shunt d...