The concept that a breast cancer patient's menstrual stage at the time of tumor surgery influences risk of metastases remains controversial. The scarcity of comprehensive molecular studies of menstrual stage-dependent fluctuations in the breast provides little insight in this observation. To gain a deeper understanding of the biological changes in mammary tissue and blood during the menstrual c...

Prostagiandins play an important role in the mechanism of human menstruation. Furthermore aberrant prostaglandin production may be an intimate component of the pathogenesis of menstrual disorders such as dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia and perhaps the premenstrual syndrome. Inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis available today have proven universally useful in the ‘treatment of dysmenorrhoea and ...

OBJECTIVE To measure the plasma concentration of leptin, which is expressed in ovarian follicles and may have a reproductive function, in healthy women during the menstrual cycle. DESIGN This study included nine women with regular menstrual cycles (mean+/-S.E.M. age 28+/-2 years: body mass index 23.9+/-1.8 kg/m2). From the onset of menses, fasting blood samples were collected every 1-2 days t...

Background Iron deficiency anemia is a global health problem, and approximately 50% of anemia is caused by iron deficiency. According to studies, iron supplementation in young females improves iron status by increasing concentration of hemoglobin. To compare of prescribing two methods of iron supplementation administered either on a weekly basis or during menstruation, on hemoglobin level and...

The interplay between menstrual waste and urban sanitation infrastructure is largely hidden from view. Qualitative research has highlighted socio-cultural aspects of menstruation, but few quantitative studies have mapped the physical situation at scale. This study surveyed 258 women in Blantyre, Malawi about their absorbent choices, disposal practices, socio-demographic characteristics. A Sanke...