Hybrid separation systems have recently been hailed as one of the inost promising alternatives to conventional capital and energy intensive separation processes. Hybrid separation systems are able to effectively separate inixtures commonly encountered in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries that are difficult or impossible to separate by conventional distillation processes due to aze...

In recent decades, membrane-based processes have been extensively applied to a wide range of industrial processes, including gas separation, food industry, drug purification, and wastewater treatment. Membrane distillation is thermally driven separation process, in which only vapour molecules transfer through microporous hydrophobic membrane. At the operational level, performance membrane negat...

The number of published papers about membrane distillation (MD) has been growing exponentially and many evaluation and performance criteria are used to measure it; but, there is no established tradition or evaluation standard for them. This makes the evaluations difficult to compare, or even incomplete. This paper presents therefore a comprehensive critical review and clarification of the major...

Stable protoplasts may be released from MiCrococcua Zysodeikticus and Sarcina Zutea by digestion of the cell-wall with lysozyme in sucrose or NaCl solutions having an osmotic pressure of some 25 atmospheres, but not in glycerol solutions of the same osmotic pressure. The stability of the protoplasts depends not only upon the depression of the water activity by the solute but upon an osmotic pre...

Drought is one of the major limitations to crop production worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of five almond genotypes and peach×almond hybrid GF to drought stress in vitro, and screening drought tolerance. Explants subjected to polyethylene glycol osmotic stress ( , , and . % WV) on the MS medium. Increasing PEG level in the medium significantly reduced fresh weight a...

In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time, how an external osmotic gradient can be used to regulate diffusion of solutes across a lipid membrane. We present experimental and theoretical studies of the transport of different solutes across a monoolein membrane in the presence of an external osmotic gradient. The osmotic gradient introduces phase transformations in the membrane, and it ca...