Standard melting point analyses only partially describe the thermal properties of eusocial beeswaxes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that thermal phase changes in wax are initiated at substantially lower temperatures than visually observed melting points. Instead of a sharp, single endothermic peak at the published melting point of 64 degrees C, DSC analysis of Apis mellifera ...

This review summarizes the molecular studies pertaining to porcine circovirus (PCV) transcription and DNA replication. The genome of PCV is circular, single-stranded DNA and contains 1759-1768 nucleotides. Both the genome-strand (packaged in the virus particle) and the complementary-strand (synthesized in the new host) encode viral proteins. Among a multitude of RNAs synthesized by alternate sp...

In laser material removal using a continuous wave or long-pulsed laser, the primary material removal mechanism melts with molten metal often ejected by an assisting oxygen jet. Interactions between heat transfer, oxygen diffusion, and gas dynamics have been studied. In laser machining using a Q-switched solid state laser with pulse width on the order of nanoseconds, the primary material removal...

hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major global health problem and one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases. the current study was carried out to investigate the ability of high resolution melting (hrm) method in hcv genotyping. 40 hcv-positive sera with unknown and 12 sera with known hcv genotypes were collected from different clinical laboratories in tehran as well as rasht in north ...