The reliable detection of moderate differences in major health outcomes that arise as a result of treatment requires large-scale randomized evidence (and the appropriate interpretation of this evidence once it has been generated). This may take the form of a single mega-trial or, exceptionally, a meta-analysis of many smaller randomized trials may provide worthwhile information. Small or non-ra...

This paper investigated the safety factors considered by visitors to the Kwangju Biennale 2000 and analyzed the correlation between the safety factors and the demographic characteristics of the visitors. Global tourism increased throughout the 1990s, with the biggest surge occurring in the Asia-Pacific region. Long-distance travel is also increasing, and at a rate faster than the global average...

A decade ago, while managing the Computer Science Laboratory at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Mark Weiser envisioned a computer “so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it” (“Creating the Invisible Interface,” Proc. 7th Ann. ACM Symp. User Interface Software and Technology, ACM Press, 1994, p. 1). Today, Weiser’s vision is coming to pass everywhere: ga...

PURPOSE Glutathione (GSH) is an important intracellular antioxidant in the brain. A number of studies report its measurement by localized 1 H spectroscopy using PRESS and STEAM. This study evaluates the reliability and accuracy of GSH measurements from PRESS at 3 Tesla (T) and compares the results to those obtained with MEGA-PRESS. METHODS Phantoms containing brain metabolites, identical exce...

Phylogenetic analysis is sometimes regarded as being an intimidating, complex process that requires expertise and years of experience. In fact, it is a fairly straightforward process that can be learned quickly and applied effectively. This Protocol describes the several steps required to produce a phylogenetic tree from molecular data for novices. In the example illustrated here, the program M...

The Department of Defense, like other government agencies and indeed the global business community, faces increasingly complex challenges that cannot be met by standalone systems. This has led to growing reliance on increasingly interoperable and interdependent systems that combine multiple organizational and functional capabilities to achieve an overarching mission. This is the motivation for ...

THE absence of direct toxicity is one of the most remarkable properties of the penicillin molecule; that is to say, the penicillin molecule as we know it and as we should use it. If you try hard enough, you can make it toxic by altering it or abusing it, as I shall try to show later. With this reservation, one can say that penicillin G and the main therapeutic derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic...

Purpose – Open-access mega-journals (OAMJs) represent an increasingly important part of the scholarly communication landscape. OAMJs, such as PLOS ONE, are large scale, broad scope journals that operate an open access business model (normally based on article-processing charges), and which employ a novel form of peer review, focussing on scientific “soundness” and eschewing judgement of novelty...

Using the Internet to facilitate business-to-business commerce promises many benefits, such as dramatic cost reductions and greater access to buyers and sellers. Yet little is known about how B2B e-commerce will evolve. The authors argue that changes in the financial services industry over the past two decades provide important clues. Exchanges, they say, are not the primary source of value in ...