We briefly review the surgical approaches to medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (medullary thyroid carcinoma/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2). The recommended surgical approaches are usually based on the age of the affected carrier/patient, tumor staging and the specific rearranged during transfection codon mutation. We have focused mainly on you...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare tumor arising from parafollicular C-cells. The oncocytic variant of MTC is an extremely rare diagnosis, with less than 20 cases reported. Here we present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with complaints of neck swelling and dysphagia. On fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), a Hürthle cell neoplasm was suggested. Finally with histopathol...

According to the literature thyroid nodules are quite rare in the first two decades of life. However, there are some exceptions, relating to areas with an iodine deficiency or affected by radioactive fallout, where the risk of nodules and carcinomas is increased. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the physician to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions preoperatively, and not only...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid carcinoma and is derived from thyroid follicular cells. In contrast, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is rare and originates from the parafollicular C-cells. Synchronous occurrence of these two carcinomas is uncommon and occurs as either discrete lesions or as a mixed lesion. The current case report describes a 50-year-old woman with...

INTRODUCTION The American Thyroid Association appointed a Task Force of experts to revise the original Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Management Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association. METHODS The Task Force identified relevant articles using a systematic PubMed search, supplemented with additional published materials, and then created evidence-based recommendations, which were set in c...

A 55-year-old female underwent total thyroidectomy for medullary carcinoma of the left lobe of the thyroid. The right lobe showed an incidental occult papillary carcinoma. There was also diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis. Immunohistochemistry for calcitonin and thyroglobin confirmed the separate histogenesis for both carcinomas. The coexistence of medullarry and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid...

We describe the current concepts on the embryology, normal morphology and immunohistochemistry of a minor cell population of the thyroid, the C-cells. We also try to make delineation between the normal number of the C-cells and C-cell hyperplasia. The two types of C-cell hyperplasia, physiologic and neoplastic are defined and characterized from morphologic and genetic point of view. Their relat...

Familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is often associated with phaeochromocytoma; this condition is known as Sipple syndrome. The rate of progression of the disease and the degree of malignancy of the medullary carcinoma may vary from family to family. Thus the nature and behaviour of this disease in any particular family influences the management of the thyroid carcinoma component....