Since TRUETA and associates (1947) published that under certain experimental conditions there might be a deviation in the distribution of blood through the cortex and medulla of the kidney several investigators have reported that the cortical and medullary blood flows behave differently. For example: a) CARGIL (1948) reported that during the intravenous administration of serum albumin the flow ...

Lymphoid organs exhibit complex structures tightly related to their function. Surprisingly, although the thymic medulla constitutes a specialized microenvironment dedicated to the induction of T cell tolerance, its three-dimensional topology remains largely elusive because it has been studied mainly in two dimensions using thymic sections. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an autom...

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that autophagy inhibition would enhance the anticancer efficacy of ret protooncogene-targeted therapy in medullary thyroid cancer. METHODS Medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 and TT cells were treated with sunitinib or sorafenib in the presence or absence of everolimus, trehalose, or small interfering RNA directed against autophagy protein 5. RESULTS Sunitinib and sorafe...

Information was sought on the features of epithelial cells in the murine thymic medulla. The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on medullary epithelium was defined by light microscopy with the aid of bone marrow chimeras and MHC-transgenic mice. A proportion of medullary epithelial cells was found to show conspicuously high expression of conventional MHC (H-2) class ...

Breast cancer is common worldwide, in the United States of America, 240000 new cases are diagnosed every year. Medullary breast cancer is a rare type of invasive ductal breast cancer. It accounts 1-7% of all breas 2010). Medullary breast cancer is less common carriers of the BRCA-1 genetic mutation. Moore and Foote (1947) described the unique histological features of medullary breast cancer as ...

Renal medullary circulation has now been found to play a fundamental role in regulating long-term blood pressure control and fluid balance. Elevation of superoxide or reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in renal medulla decreases medullary blood flow and Na excretion, resulting in sustained hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced interaction of superoxide and NO was determined in thin tissue s...

Medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from the parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid. In this review, we provide a general overview of the classification, pathology, and clinical management of MTC. In the latter half, we survey the underlying genetic framework of MTC and its potential implications within a diagnostic and therapeutic context.

We study the evolution of anticanonical line bundles along the Kähler Ricci flow. We show that under some conditions, the convergence of Kähler Ricci flow is determined by the properties of the anticanonical divisors of M . As examples, the Kähler Ricci flow on M converges when M is a Fano surface and c 1 (M) = 1 or c 1 (M) = 3. Combined with the work in [CW1] and [CW2], this gives a Ricci flow...

A new species of freshwater sponge, Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov., is proposed here based on specimens discovered in a private aquarium in São Paulo, Brazil, and most likely inadvertently collected from the Paraná Basin. The present study also presents a redescription of H. insignis on the basis of the specimen reported upon by Volkmer (1963), collected from the Atlântico Sul Hydrographic Ba...