Understanding the interaction between bacterial cells and solid surfaces is essential to our attempts to quantify and predict the transport of microbes in groundwater aquifers, whether from the point of view of contamination or from that of bioremediation. The sorption of bacterial cells suspended in groundwater to porous medium grains was examined in batch studies. Bacterial sorption to clean ...

• Tree root respiration utilizes a major portion of the primary production in forests and is an important process in the global carbon cycle. Because of the lack of ecologically relevant methods, tree root respiration in situ is much less studied compared with above-ground processes such as photosynthesis and leaf respiration. • This study introduces a new 13 C natural tracer method for measuri...

In Amazonian Brazil the etiological agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) belong to at least seven Leishmania species but little is known about the putative phlebotomine sand fly vectors in different biomes. In 2002-2003 a survey of the phlebotomine fauna was undertaken in the "Floresta Nacional do Tapajós", Belterra municipality, in the lower Amazon region, western Pará State, Brazi...

slow sand filters are as a proper technology for pre-treatment of raw water, with a fine and medium trubidity in small communities in developing countries. thus, with a minimum operation cost and minimum need for expest bodies have the maximum efficiency. the purpose of this research is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of two processes of horizontal flow roughing filter and vertical flow ...

Growing human population has caused the increase in the tempo of construction activity world wide.Since new techniques are either available or constantly emerging the sites which have been deemed unsuitable are being put to use for the construction of new and challenging structures. The foundations for the residential buildings in paddy fields and marshy land with water table near the ground le...

Biological terrestrial locomotion occurs on substrate materials with a range of rheological behaviour, which can affect limb-ground interaction, locomotor mode and performance. Surfaces like sand, a granular medium, can display solid or fluid-like behaviour in response to stress. Based on our previous experiments and models of a robot moving on granular media, we hypothesize that solidification...

Continuous production of healthy plantlets of Sapindus trifoliatus L. was achieved via somatic embryos from long term cultures of an embryogenic mass (EM). A highly embryogenic culture of S. trifoliatus L. was obtained by recurrent embryogenesis from somatic embryos cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with kinetin (2.3 microM) and benzyladenine (8.8 microM). The cultures ...

A constitutive multi-laminate based elastic-plastic model developed to be capable of accounting induced anisotropic behavior of granular material such as sand. The fabric feature or grain orientation characteristic effects through medium are considered in a rational way under any complex stress path, including cyclic loading. The salient feature of the developed model is a non-associative on pl...

In order to investigation of vermicompost effect on growth and yield of marigold in pot medium, an experiment was done by a randomized completely block design in three raplications. Treatmnets were included control (30% v/v of soil plus 70% v/v of sand) and three levels of vermicompost (20, 40, 60 % v/v of vermicompost+30% v/v of sand and soil) that applied in three lit. pots. Marigold seeds (T...