The Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening (Nov 17, p 1778) estimates that one woman will avoid dying from breast cancer for every three women who are overdiagnosed. This estimate is far too positive, and the panel did not pay attention to important issues in the testimony we submitted to it in February, 2012. The panel used the data from our Cochrane review, but did not consider it im...

Climate change can aff ect plant – pollinator interactions in a variety of ways, but much of the research attention has focused on whether independent shifts in phenology will alter temporal overlap between plants and pollinators. Here I review the research on plant – pollinator mismatch, assessing the potential for observational and experimental approaches to address particular aspects of the ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for 19% of cancerrelated deaths. This devastating toll is the consequence of a high incidence (1·8 million new diagnoses in 2012) and a low rate of cure. Most patients continue to be diagnosed at advanced disease stages. Moreover, the outcome of patients who present with resectable and operable lung cancer (about...

in this paper we showed th at e nergy as an input has a significa nt role in th e production fun ction in the diffe rent sectors o f eco nomy. ene rgy inte nsity in th e ir ani an economy has increased dramatically d ur ing 1972-94. usi ng a cobb-douglas production fu nctio n for the diltcrc nt sectors in ir an (assuming each se ctor to usc lab o r. ca pit al and e ne rgy asinput ) we showed th...

Arthritis Research and Th erapy could draw such great interest from the readers. Th e following is our response to Ma and colleagues' concerns [1]. In response to the fi rst question, at the beginning of the research we had screened the entire apoptotic pathways using the Rat Apoptosis RT2 Profi ler™ PCR Array (SABiosciences, Frederick, MD, USA), and the result (Table 1 in the original paper [2...

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are in decline across western North America. Identifi cation of management strategies to enhance populations, such as predator management, may be needed to reduce further declines, but unintentional eff ects associated with increased human activity should also be considered. We evaluated the eff ect of 3 levels of predator management eff ort on gr...

www.thelancet.com/oncology Vol 12 April 2011 321 virus without any observable resistance or physiological side-eff ects. This treatment has advanced to phase 2 clinical trials, which emphasises the strengths of antimiR-122, including high effi cacy and good tolerability without adverse eff ects. As the results of years of eff ort begin to show the eff ects of miRNAs in cancer, a few candidate m...

in which Zahar and colleagues [1] described Clostridium diffi cile infection (CDI) in patients during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Given some limitations of the authors’ study, it is diffi cult to generalize from the results that CDI detected early will not aff ect ICU length of stay or mortality. Th e carrier eff ect, in which up to 20% of hospitalized patients can be chronic carriers of...

Pre-operative diagnosis of hydatid cysts can be made by ultrasound and confi rmed by a CT scan. Radiography may identify an occasional calcified cyst. Caliceal distortion is the predominant fi nding on IVP, followed by caliectasis and non-functioning kidney, possibly caused by the mass eff ect of cystic lesions.[10] CT scan is more accurate than a USG.[8] Hypointense rim and multicystic appeara...

A virus infection occurred worldwide in 2009. Some previously healthy patients experienced rapidly progressive pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. Th e eff ect of corticosteroids on these severely aff ected patients is controversial because of a lack of controlled clinical trials [1]. During the pandemic in South Korea, we observed that early, short-t...