In cases of extropia with an exodeviation angle over 50 prism diopter (PD), a 3- or 4-muscle surgery is a rational option. But, in patients with sensory exotropia, there is usually a strong preference for a monocular procedure to avoid surgery on the single seeing eye. Thus, we confined surgery to visually poor eyes, and performed a medial rectus muscle resection with a mean of 10.3 mm (range, ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the changes of refractive astigmatism after horizontal rectus muscle surgery in intermittent exotropic children. METHODS Sixty-nine exotropic patients were retrospectively reviewed. Of those, 35 patients received unilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR group, 35 eyes) and 34 patients received unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (R&R group, 34 e...

BACKGROUND Tai chi is a form of exercise derived from the martial art folk traditions of China. The force used in tai chi includes different principles of mechanical advantage. No studies on the kinematic features of tai chi exercise have been published. OBJECTIVE To analyse the kinematics and electromyographic characteristics of tai chi. METHODS An experienced tai chi master was asked to p...

PURPOSE The surgical technique for intermittent exotropia [X(T)] is quite simple. However, in many cases, the condition recurs due to any one of a number of causes, including undercorrection. This study examined the factors associated with undercorrection on X(T) patients. METHODS The study examined 199 X(T) patients who underwent bilateral recession of the lateral rectus muscle or unilateral...

BACKGROUND Several modifications of the classic retromuscular Stoppa technique to facilitate dissection beyond the lateral border of the rectus sheath recently were reported. We describe a novel technique of transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) for posterior component separation during major abdominal wall reconstructions. METHODS Retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing ...

Strabismus fixus is very rare and the convergent form is rarely accompanied by blepharoptosis. We successfully treated one patient with high myopia whose convergent strabismus fixus, accompanied by blepharoptosis, became severe after cataract surgery. We report the case with a discussion of its pathology. We performed levator advancement operation, bilateral lateral rectus 11 mm resection, and ...

ALTHOUGH it has been recognized for a considerable time that operation on a strabismus co-existing with nystagmus may have a beneficial effect on the nystagmus, it does not appear to have been until 1953 that work was published relating to operation on cases of nystagmus with the direct intention of improving this condition. Then, from three different continents within a short time, separate re...

The conventional exposure of a horizontal rectus muscle is through conjunctival and Tenon's capsule incisions directly over the muscle. This results in a visible scar and in some patients is conspicuously unattractive. Therefore, a surgical method that hides the scar behind the eyelid should be welcomed by both the surgeon and patient. To accomplish this objective the medial and lateral rectus ...

OBJECTIVE To report the clinical characteristics and treatment of subjects with incomitant esotropia following unilateral pterygium excision. METHODS A retrospective review of 6 consecutive patients who developed incomitant esotropia, limited abduction, and diplopia following unilateral pterygium excision surgery. RESULTS The mean preoperative deviation was 6 prism diopters (PD) (range, 0-2...