This paper presents a discussion of the design features of a precision indentation platform for measuring indents with traceable uncertainties at the nanometer scale. In particular, the goal of the instrument is to simultaneously measure penetration distance of an indenter tip into a surface as a function of the applied load. Components of design that will be discussed include; capacitance gaug...

This paper explores the link between foreign direct investment and trade in a panel of four countries that will accede to the European Union in 2004: Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. We augment standard demand-side export and import equations with a measure of FDI penetration. We compare results based on a panel mean-group estimator with a fixed-effects panel model that allows ...

We propose and conduct a simple test of the protection for sale model that does not require information on political organization. Our approach exploits the following prediction of the PFS model: given the inverse import penetration ratio and other control variables, industries with higher protection are more likely to be politically organized, and thus for those industries, we should expect a ...

We present a new method to measure the triplet exciton diffusion length in organic semiconductors. N,N'-di-[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPD) has been used as a model system. Triplet excitons are injected into a thin film of NPD by a phosphorescent thin film, which is optically excited and forms a sharp interface with the NPD layer. The penetration profile of the tri...

We investigate the dual superconductivity hypothesis in pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory. We focus on the dual Meissner effect by analyzing the distribution of the color fields due to a static quark-antiquark pair. We find evidence of the dual Meissner effect both in the maximally Abelian gauge and without gauge fixing. We measure the London penetration length. Our results suggest that the Londo...

achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermatological products. the use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating a few common penetration enhancers (in different concentrations) into a 0.5% w/w piroxicam (model drug) gel formulation, on th...

The superconducting gap structure in iron-based high-temperature superconductors (Fe-HTSs) is non-universal. In contrast to other unconventional superconductors, in the Fe-HTSs both d-wave and extended s-wave pairing symmetries are close in energy. Probing the proximity between these very different superconducting states and identifying experimental parameters that can tune them is of central i...

This paper proposes a simple quantitative measure of sales effectiveness for various sales entities (sales territories, sales regional offices, or the whole sales force), that is easy to compute and explain to sales force members. This measure takes into account the conditions prevailing in the different sales entities (such as differing market potentials, sales penetration, competition levels,...