Humans have faced the need to formalize, among others, two types of prescriptive behaviors. On one hand there is Law, whose formalization is being suggested at least from 1926, and on the other hand there are software specifications. The formal treatment of the later can be considered successful, in the sense that plenty of methods and tools exist that allow to specify the behavior of quite com...

The right femoral vessels of 80 rats were identified and dissected. External lengths and diameters of femoral arteries and femoral veins were measured using either a microscope or a video magnification system. Findings were correlated to animals’ weights. Mean length was 14.33 mm for both femoral arteries and femoral veins, mean diameter of arteries was 0.65 mm and diameter of veins was 0.81 mm...

This chapter aims to unify concepts and to describe the multi-stage transport systems and their integratyion to supply chain management. Multi-stage distribution systems are common logistics management, and often they are assimilated to multi-stage transport strategies. However, transport is often considered as an external operation or a specific stage, even when it is a multi-stage system. Fir...

Path integration, a component of spatial navigation, is the process used to determine position information on the basis of information about distance and direction travelled derived from self-motion cues. Following on from studies in the animal literature that seem to support the role of the hippocampal formation in path integration, this facility was investigated in humans with focal brain les...

We introduce a new version of the pronunciation software program WinPitch LTL. This completely redesigned version is much more easier to use by the teacher and learner alike, and contains the regular function of prosodic real time display, variable speed playback, prosodic morphing, on screen teacher comment display, etc. New features include video capabilities (the program can process multimed...

Adaptive Cumulative SUM charts (ACUSUM) have been recently proposed for providing an overall good detection over a range of mean shift sizes. The basic idea of the ACUSUM chart is to first adaptively update the reference value based on an Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) estimate and then to assign a weight on it using a certain type of weighting function. A linear weighting functio...

The possibility of solving the Quantified Boolean Formulae (QBF) problems using the SMV system is a consequence of two wellknown theoretical results: the membership of QBF to PSPACE, and the PSPACE-hardness of LTL (and therefore, of SMV). Nevertheless, such results do not imply the existence of a reduction that is also of practical utility. In this paper, we show a reduction from QBF to SMV tha...

This paper presents a partial order reduction algorithm, called Two phase, that preserves stutter free LTL properties. Two phase dramatically reduces the number of states visited compared to previous partial order reduction algorithms on most practical protocols. The reason can be traced to a step of the previous algorithms, called the proviso step, that specifies a condition on how a state tha...

The neutron is electrically neutral, but its substructure consists of charged quarks so it may have an internal charge distribution. In fact it is known to have a negative mean square charge radius (MSCR), the second moment of the radial charge density. In other words the neutron has a positive core and negative skin. In the first Born approximation the neutron MSCR can be simply related to the...

Person independent and pose invariant estimation of facial expressions and action unit (AU) intensity estimation is important for situation analysis and for automated video annotation. We evaluated raw 2D shape data of the CK+ database, used Procrustes transformation and the multi-class SVM leave-one-out method for classification. We found close to 100% performance demonstrating the relevance a...