Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage in various laser dermatological procedures such as treatment of port wine stain birthmarks and hair removal. However, the spray characteristics and combination of CSC and heating (laser) to obtain optimal treatments have not yet been determined. The distance between the nozzle tip and the skin surface for commercial de...

Cryogen spray cooling is used to prevent epidermal thermal damage during port-wine stain laser therapy, despite the limited understanding of the fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and heat transfer characteristics of cryogen sprays. In recent studies, it has been suggested that the heat flux through human skin could be increased by changing physical parameters such as nozzle-to-skin distance, nozz...

In this work, a method is presented for dispensing droplets. The method exploits the built-in capacitance of an electrowetting device to meter the droplet volume and control the dispensing process dynamically. A fully automated droplet dispensing device is developed and used to load liquid samples or couple continuous flow to electro-wetting droplet handling. The reproducibility of the dispensi...

The dynamic aspects of droplet impingement on a porous ceramic surface were studied experimentally. Single-shot flash photography was used to photographically record the deformation and spreading on the surface. The observations were made with ambient pressure (0.10 MPa), ambient temperature (cu. 22”C), initial droplet diameter (1.5 mm), and the impact Weber number (43) fixed. The primary param...

The statistical behavior of droplets in a kerosene pressure-atomized spray was investigated under swirling and burning conditions. This case was studied in order to better understand individual droplet transport processes downstream of the fuel spray flame. A two-component phase-Doppler particle sizing system was employed to provide information on the droplet size and velocity distributions as ...

In the last 10 years, laser-driven fusion experiments performed on atomic clusters of deuterium have shown a surprisingly high neutron yield per joule of input laser energy. Results indicate that the optimal cluster size for maximizing fusion events should be in the 0.01–1 mm diameter range, but an appropriate source of droplets of this size does not exist. In an attempt to meet this need, we u...

0010-2180/$ see front matter 2011 The Combust doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.08.015 ⇑ Corresponding author. Fax: +1 607 255 1222. E-mail address: [email protected] (C.T. Avedisian). The droplet burning characteristics of binary blends of iso-octane, n-heptane and toluene were studied in an ambience that minimizes external convection and promotes spherical droplet flames. The results are compare...

Highly motile Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae) zoospores of an oomycete plant pathogen and antioomycete candidate chemicals were encapsulated into microdroplets. Random fast self-motion of P. sojae zoospores was overcome by choosing an appropriate flow rate for a zoospore suspension. To influence stochastic loading of zoospores into a microfluidic channel, a zoospore suspension was directly preloa...

The present investigation describes the fine structural changes that occur during proteid yolk formation in the developing oocytes of the guppy (Lebistes reticulatus), an ovoviviparous teleost. These changes suggest the operation of a number of different intra- and extraoocyte processes that may account for the synthesis and deposition of the proteid yolk. Early in oogenesis, the egg's Golgi sy...