The London penetration depth $$\lambda $$ is the basic length scale for electromagnetic behavior in a superconductor. Precise measurements of as function temperature, field and impurity scattering have been instrumental revealing nature order parameter pairing interactions variety superconductors discovered over past decades. Here we recount our development tunnel-diode resonator technique to m...

In an attempt to maximize the yield of latent fingerprints from paper items, we conducted a study of a fundamental process between fingerprint deposits and paper. Fingerprint ridges have been observed in the cross section of paper by fluorescence microscopy. It was possible to see, for the first time, how residue from fingerprint ridges is embedded in paper. Undeveloped, latent fingerprints, as...

On the T −dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors at low temperatures: can it be linear? Abstract We present a thermodynamics argument against a strictly linear temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth, which applies to superconduc-tors with arbitrary pairing symmetry at low temperatures.

One of the key issues associated with the understanding of large scale impacts is how the observable complex crater structural features (e.g., central peaks and pits, flat floors, ring shaped ridges and depressions, tratigraphic modifications, and faults) relate to the impactor's parameters (e.g., radius, velocity, and density) and the nonobservable transient crater measures (e.g., depth of pen...

Radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) heating provide an important advantage of more rapid heat penetration in pasteurization processes for heat labile high value foods, which to date, have only been pasteurized by conductive heating. The objectives of this work were to determine the dielectric constant, loss factor and power penetration depth for salmon (0.8% and 2.3% total salt) and sturgeo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Knowledge about optical parameters and the resultant light distribution in laser-treated tissue is important for predicting the effects of laser-induced thermotherapy of liver metastases (LITT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The absorption and scattering coefficients as well as the anisotropy factors and the optical penetration depths of human liver tissue and colorectal live...