The aim of the present study was to learn whether circadian phase relationship of serotonin and dopamine can influence reproductive conditions in monogamous bird domestic pigeon . Mature birds were divided into two groups. Group I received daily injections/day of normal saline served as controls. A bird in another experimental group was injected daily with 5-HTP(5-Hydroxytryptophan) and L-DOPA(...

A total of 48 female spirlins Alburnoides sp. from the Kesselian stream (South Caspian Sea basin, northern Iran) were examined during a period from July 2008 to June 2009 to obtain data on fecundity, and to determine the spawning season of this carp. The mean absolute fecundity of females spirlin was 1722.92 (653.88) eggs. The fecundity has positive correlation with the size of the female. The...

Aim: To assess the outcome of germ cell tumors in children after surgical management.
 Study Design: A longitudinal study.
 Place and duration: Pediatric surgery oncology department national institute child health Karachi from January 2017 to December 2018.
 Methodology: total 79 between ages 0 12 years were included study. Baseline, ultrasound, CT scan, tumor markers, biopsy for...

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the effects of ethyl alcohol and narcotic drugs on male reproductive organs. Practically no studies have examined morphological transformations in testicles during intoxication, which, at current level ethanol consumption by men age, is a social medical problem that far from being solved.
 AIM: Through short-term long-term experiments, this aimed to examine ...

Gonads and adrenal glands are the primary organs for the production of steroid hormones in mammals. Steroid hormones play important roles in development and are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis during adult life. To supply sufficient amounts of hormones, gonads and adrenal glands maintain their functions by replenishment of steroidogenic cells. It has been hypothesized that stem/pro...

Androgens are necessary for normal male phenotype expression, including the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Many physiological actions of androgens are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor super family. In the present study focused to identify the expression of AR in the gonads and brain of Cirrhinus mrigala. The gene specific primers were used...

AIM To assess whether exogenous estradiol has any effect on migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the chick. METHODS Fertilized eggs were treated with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) (80 microg/egg) at stage X (day 0 of incubation), stages 8-10 (incubation 30 h) and 13-15 (incubation 55 h). Controls received vehicle (emulsion) only. Changes in PGC number were measured on different days accordi...

In mammals a single gene on the Y chromosome, Sry, controls testis formation. One of the earliest effects of Sry expression is the induction of somatic cell migration from the mesonephros into the XY gonad. Here we show that mesonephric cells are required for cord formation and male-specific gene expression in XY gonads in a stage-specific manner. Culturing XX gonads with an XY gonad at their s...

A 10-month-old male infant presented with bilateral inguinal hernia and left un-descended testis. During right herniotomy, both gonads were found on same side with mullerian duct structures. On naked eye examination, both gonads were normal looking. Excision of mullerian duct remnant and fixation of ectopic testis was made. Histopathological examination revealed that gonads were testicles. Pres...

Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (ovotesticular DSD) is defined as the presence of testicular and ovarian tissue in the same individual. Both external and internal genitalia of patients with ovotesticular DSD display a spectrum of phenotypes. Most children present with ambiguous genitalia in combination with unilateral or bilateral undescended gonads. We experienced two late-diagnosed ...